复杂动态环境下无人飞行器动态避障近似最优轨迹规划

针对复杂动态环境下无人飞行器的动态障碍规避问题,基于合理假设建立了无人飞行器和动态障碍的运动学模型,并综合考虑无人飞行器飞行过程中的终端约束、控制输入约束、安全避障约束等,以能量最少为性能指标构建动态避障问题数学描述。之后,针对终端约束和控制输入约束,依据优化模型预测静态规划算法(OMPSP)生成初始轨迹;针对动态避障问题的不等式约束,引入松弛变量并结合滑模变结构控制方法设计松弛变量动力学,实现对一个、多个或同时多个动态障碍的安全规避;最后,依据有限时间微分动态规划(RHDDP)算法进行轨迹优化,获得满足上述各种约束并能规避动态障碍的近似最优轨迹。     

多飞行器动态目标追踪协同控制研究

多飞行器追踪动态目标是一个协同控制问题,需要根据目标飞行状态,协同各个追踪飞行器的飞行状态,最终能够在某动态的最佳点实现同时到达。考虑到目标具有较强的机动性,轨迹通常为非线性的,设计了一种基于非线性轨迹预测的、以剩余时间为控制变量的一致性控制方案。仿真结果表明,提出的控制方案能够实现空间位置相距较远的多飞行器动态追踪,具有较好的灵活性和收敛性,目标轨迹的预测结果与实际轨迹误差较小,恰当的轨迹估计有助于缩短追踪时间,提高追踪效率。     

利用机载GNSS-R的有效波高反演技术

采用自主研发的多源多宿GNSS-R(Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflections,全球导航卫星系统反射信号)海洋环境遥感探测系统,在天津渤海湾特定区域进行了3次机载校飞试验,获得了大量有效GNSS-R信号数据,对自然条件下的海面有效波高进行了反演处理。该系统通过对接收的GNSS直达信号和海面反射信号进行相关运算处理,可以获得DDM(Delay-Doppler Mapping,时延—多普勒映射)图谱,再利用DCF(Derivative of the Correlation Function,相关函数的导数)在DDM图谱基础上进行相关功率波形的计算,进而通过计算DCF的函数波形宽度得到海面有效波高,验证了该方法的可行性。该方法具有全天时、全天候、高分辨率、低成本等优点,对全球范围内中小尺度海洋状态和物理现象的监测具有重要意义。     

无人机模拟训练系统中的实时飞行仿真

为了降低无人机的试飞成本,提高操纵手的技能,设计了一种模拟训练系统。介绍了该模拟训练系统的特点和构成,着重对系统中实时飞行仿真的各模块设计方法进行了研究。在DOS操作系统中用C语言实现飞行仿真软件,并讨论了软件实现中的模态切换等关键问题。通过飞行剖面仿真实验,证明该仿真系统可靠性高、实时性好。     

存在干扰下的无人机中继站波束成形算法

无人机(UAV)通信具有部署快、使用灵活、通信质量好等优点,在无线通信领域具有广阔的应用前景。采用UAV作为中继站构成的增强型卫星通信网络经常受到各种干扰的影响,导致其性能急剧下降。以信干噪比(SINR)最大化为准则,UAV中继站发射功率满足要求为约束条件的优化问题的基础上,提出了一种基于最大瑞利熵的波束成形(BF)算法,得出最优权矢量。为了降低BF算法的实现复杂度,进一步提出了一种基于迫零(ZF)的次优BF算法。计算机仿真验证了这2种BF算法的有效性。     

Expert Algorithmic and Imagistic Problem Solving Strategies in Advanced Chemistry

Abstract

Visualization and imagistic reasoning appear central to expert practice in science; however, expert use of these strategies on authentic tasks has not been examined in detail. This study documents how science experts use both algorithms and imagistic reasoning to solve problems. Using protocol analysis, we report expert chemists' preferential use of algorithms for solving spatial problems and imagistic reasoning for deducing spatial transformations. We observed experts employ algorithms to solve the majority of spatial tasks while reserving imagistic strategies to solve a class of tasks that required translating between representations. Strategy used varied widely among experts and tasks.     

Reliable flight performance assessment of multirotor based on interacting multiple model particle filter and health degree

Multirotor has been applied to many military and civilian mission scenarios. From the perspective of reliability, it is difficult to ensure that multirotors do not generate hardware and software failures or performance anomalies during the flight process. These failures and anomalies may result in mission interruptions, crashes, and even threats to the lives and property of human beings. Thus, the study of flight reliability problems of multirotors is conductive to the development of the drone industry and has theoretical significance and engineering value. This paper proposes a reliable flight performance assessment method of multirotors based on an Interacting Multiple Model Particle Filter (IMMPF) algorithm and health degree as the performance indicator. First, the multirotor is modeled by the Stochastic Hybrid System (SHS) model, and the problem of reliable flight performance assessment is formulated. In order to solve the problem, the IMMPF algorithm is presented to estimate the real-time probability distribution of hybrid state of the established SHS-based multirotor model, since it can decrease estimation errors compared with the standard interacting multiple model algorithm based on extended Kalman filter. Then, the reliable flight performance is assessed with health degree based on the estimation result. Finally, a case study of a multirotor suffering from sensor anomalies is presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Vision-based bio-inspired guidance law for small aerial vehicle

During predation, a flying insect can form a stealth flight path. This behavior is called motion camouflage. Based on the study results of this behavior, the perception and neurology of flying insects, a novel bio-inspired guidance law is proposed for the terminal guidance for small aerial vehicle with charge-coupled device imaging seekers. The kinematics relationship between a small aerial vehicle and target is analyzed, and a two-dimensional guidance law model is established by using artificial neural networks. To compare with the proportional guidance law, the numerical simulations are carried out in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane respectively. The simulation results show that the ballistic of the small aerial vehicle is straighter and the normal acceleration is smaller by using the bio-inspired guidance law than by using the proportional guidance law. That is to say, the bio-inspired guidance law just uses the information of the target from the imaging seeker,but the performance of it can be better than that of the proportional guidance law.     

Optimization of beamforming and path planning for UAV-assisted wireless relay networks

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs） acting as relay platforms have attracted considerable attention due to the advantages of extending coverage and improving connectivity for long-range communications. Specifically, in the scenario where the access point （AP） is mobile, a UAV needs to find an efficient path to guarantee the connectivity of the relay link. Motivated by this fact, this paper proposes an optimal design for beamforming （BF） and UAV path planning. First of all, we study a dual-hop amplify-and-forward （AF） wireless relay network, in which a UAV is used as relay between a mobile AP and a fixed base station （BS）. In the network, both of the AP and the BS are equipped with multiple antennas, whereas the UAV has a single antenna. Then, we obtain the output signal~to-noise ratio （SNR） of the dual-hop relay network. Based on the criterion of maximizing the output SNR, we develop an optimal design to obtain the solution of the optimal BF weight vector and the UAV heading angle. Next, we derive the closed-form outage probability （OP） expression to investigate the performance of the dual-hop relay network conveniently. Finally, computer simulations show that the proposed approach can obtain nearly optimal flying path and OP performance, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, we find that increasing the antenna number at the BS or the maximal heading angle can significantly improve the performance of the considered relay network.     

基于ANSYS的机翼动力学分析

针对无人机在挂载导弹飞行和发射导弹时,无人机机翼由于受到多种载荷影响所产生的应力应变,应用ANSYS软件动力学分析,计算模拟了机翼在受到多种载荷影响时所产生的应力分布和应变量。分析结果表明,由于外挂物重量和机翼周围气动流场的影响,机翼会产生不同程度的颤振和扭转,其研究结果对合理设计机翼结构具有一定的参考意义。