Dynamic processes in the outer heliosphere: voyager observations and models

We review recent Voyager 2 observations in the vicinity of 70 AU. The character of the solar wind plasma data between 2002 and 2003 changed to a regime in which the speed, density and magnetic field magnitude are positively correlated. The average speed of the solar wind at Voyager 2 increased between early 2003 and mid-2004, which we attribute to a return of fast coronal hole flow. We use solar wind data at Earth as input to numerical models which include the effect of pickup ions to model the radial evolution of the solar wind. The model reproduces the basic features of the observations. As a specific example, we investigate the propagation of the Halloween (Oct.–Nov.), 2003 storms in the outer heliosphere. The model predictions are in reasonable agreement with Voyager 2 observations.     

Martian obstacle and bow shock: origins of boundaries anisotropy

The origin of the anisotropy in the shape of the Martian obstacle and bow shock is analyzed using Mars Global Surveyor observations. The influence of MHD or ion pick-up effects on Martian obstacle position was to be small found, however, localized Martian crustal magnetization increases the thickness of the downstream planetary magnetotail by 500–1000 km in agreement with earlier Phobos 2 observations. A new analytical model is presented for Martian obstacle shape variation for different solar wind ram pressure. Elongation of the Martian BS cross-section in the direction perpendicular to IMF was confirmed while the shift of this cross section in the +Y direction of Martian interplanetary medium reference frame was discovered. The shift of BS cross section in the direction of interplanetary electric field was not revealed thus not conforming the idea that mass-loading play some role in BS control.     

APPLICATION OF OPTIMIZATION TO AIRCRAFT LANDING IN WIND SHEAR

 <正> Aircraft landing in wind shear is dangerous. Many accidents have happened and a lot of research work has been done in this area. Whether an aircraft has enough capability to land in wind shear safely or not is not very clear vet. Using the real worst-case wind shear model and the optimization technique, the optima! open loop controls ol two civil aircraft landing in wind shear are found and it can easily be seen thai, generally speaking, an aircraft has potentiality to land in wind shear satelv. The problem hear is how to help the pilot detect the wind shear on board in lime and control the aircraft correctly and timelv.     

RPC-IES: The Ion and Electron Sensor of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium

The ion and electron sensor (IES) is part of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC). The IES consists of two electrostatic plasma analyzers, one each for ions and electrons, which share a common entrance aperture. Each analyzer covers an energy/charge range from 1 eV/e to 22 keV/e with a resolution of 4%. Electrostatic deflection is used at the entrance aperture to achieve a field of view of 90°× 360° (2.8π sr). Angular resolution is 5°× 22.5° for electrons and 5°× 45° for ions with the sector containing the solar wind being further segmented to 5°× 5°. The three-dimensional plasma distributions obtained by IES will be used to investigate the interaction of the solar wind with asteroids Steins and Lutetia and the coma and nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (CG). In addition, photoelectron spectra obtained at these bodies will help determine their composition.     

中国第一座桥梁风洞的研制

同济大学土木工程防灾国家实验室于1994年10月建成一座可供全桥模型试验的大型桥梁风洞，试验段14m×15m×2m（长×宽×高）。风洞的总体布局及结构安排突出地强调了非航空类风洞的特点，结构上采用砖混结构与钢结构相结合的方法，并以砖混结构为主，这就大大的缩短了建造周期，降低了成本。建成后的桥梁风洞总体造型美观并具有良好的气流品质，达到或超过了原设计中的性能指标，为我国桥梁建造业填补了空白。     

Estimation of the bias of the Minimum Variance technique in the determination of magnetic clouds global quantities and orientation

Magnetic clouds (MCs) are highly magnetized plasma structures that have a low proton temperature and a magnetic field vector that rotates when seen by a heliospheric observer. More than 25 years of observations of magnetic and plasma properties of MCs at 1 AU have provided significant knowledge of their magnetic structure. However, because in situ observations only give information along the trajectory of the spacecraft, their real 3D magnetic configuration remains still partially unknown. We generate a set of synthetic clouds, exploring the space of parameters that represents the possible orientations and minimum distances of the satellite trajectory to the cloud axis, p. The synthetic clouds have a local cylindrical symmetry and a linear force-free magnetic configuration. From the analysis of synthetic clouds, we quantify the errors introduced in the determination of the orientation/size (and, consequently, of the global magnetohydrodynamic quantities) by the Minimum Variance method when p is not zero.     

24角形剖面的风洞试验研究及工程应用

为克服圆剖面在雷诺数临界区流动不稳定的缺点，对多种具有高边数多角形剖面的柱体进行了比较试验，优选出２４角形剖面。完成了２４棱柱体和圆柱体在亚、跨、超临界雷诺数下的测力、测压对比试验，揭示了２４角形剖面在全雷诺数范围的低速气动力特性。２４棱柱体的临界雷诺数只有圆柱体的三分之一左右。在临界区气动力变化没有圆柱体那么强烈，侧力小一半左右。在１．２×１０５＜Ｒｅ＜３．６×１０５区域，２４棱柱体的阻力比圆柱体低４０％。综合考虑减阻、减小侧力及流态稳定诸因素，２４棱柱体的有利工作雷诺数范围在２×１０５～４×１０５。该雷诺数范围正是３ｍ量级风洞常用风速支杆的工作雷诺数，２４棱支杆在３ｍ以上量级低速风洞中有推广价值。     

航空航天风洞测试技术的新进展ICIASF14届会议概况介绍

国际航空航天模拟测试技术会议是风洞测试技术专业会议，许多风洞测试新技术、新思想都首先在该会作报导，本文简要介绍了在温度、压力测量方面的一些新动向及一些测试仪器的改进和应用。     

FD-09风洞单点腹支撑系统研制

为了在风洞中发展新型的腹支撑方式,基于FD-09风洞现有的下大迎角机构,设计研制了一套新型的单点腹支撑系统。单点腹支撑系统具有系统简便实用、模型设计简单、支撑干扰相对稳定等特点。在地面效应试验中使用布置光栅尺位移传感器的新方法取代了传统的测量方法,大大提高了控制精度和试验效率。风洞试验表明：单点腹支撑系统的试验重复性精度较高,部分指标已经接近国军标的先进指标;单点腹支撑系统的支杆干扰量是稳定的,并且对大部分气动分量的干扰量是小量;与双点腹支撑系统比较而言,单点腹支撑系统具有支杆干扰较小的优势。     

地效翼风洞试验支架干扰数值分析

对地效翼移动地面风洞试验研究中的支架干扰进行了数值模拟和分析。分别对独立地效翼,带支架的地效翼及独立支架进行了数值模拟,计算采用可实现的κ-ε模型,通过求解定常不可压N-S方程,得出地效翼及支架周围流场分布情况。对几组计算结果比较分析了支架和地效翼的空气动力及由于干扰引起的空气动力,发现支架与地效翼之间的相互干扰随着地效翼迎角的增大而增强,如果忽略流动干扰造成的空气动力变化,地效翼升力误差很小,但阻力误差相对较大。同时对有干扰下和没有干扰下的流场进行了对比,分析了支架对翼尖涡流动及绕机翼流动的干扰。翼尖涡在地效翼翼尖附近的发展在0．5犮范围内基本不受支架的干扰;除支架对流场产生干扰外,移动带区域以外的固定地面附近粘性流动也对绕地效翼流动有一定的影响。本研究分析了风洞试验结果的可靠性,为地效翼风洞试验优化设计和地面效应风洞试验研究提供了参考。