Low latitude ionospheric scintillation and zonal irregularity drifts observed with GPS-SCINDA system and closely spaced VHF receivers in Kenya

In this study we have used VHF and GPS-SCINDA receivers located at Nairobi (36.8°E, 1.3°S, dip −24.1°) in Kenya, to investigate the ionospheric scintillation and zonal drift irregularities of a few hundred meter-scale irregularities associated with equatorial plasma density bubbles for the period 2011. From simultaneous observations of amplitude scintillation at VHF and L-band frequencies, it is evident that the scintillation activity is higher during the post sunset hours of the equinoctial months than at the solstice. While it is noted that there is practically no signatures of the L-band scintillation in solstice months (June, July, December, January) and after midnight, VHF scintillation does occur in the solstice months and show post midnight activity through all the seasons. VHF scintillation is characterized by long duration of activity and slow fading that lasts till early morning hours (05:00 LT). Equinoctial asymmetry in scintillation occurs with higher occurrence in March–April than in September–October. The occurrence of post midnight VHF scintillation in this region is unusual and suggests some mechanisms for the formation of scintillation structure that might not be clearly understood. Zonal drift velocities of irregularities were measured using cross-correlation analysis with time series of the VHF scintillation structure from two closely spaced antennas. Statistical analyses of the distribution of zonal drift velocities after sunset hours indicate that the range of the velocities is 30–160 m/s. This is the first analysis of the zonal plasma drift velocity over this region. Based on these results we suggest that the east–west component of the plasma drift velocity may be related to the evolution of plasma bubble irregularities caused by the prereversal enhancement of the eastward electric fields. The equinoctial asymmetry of the drift velocities and scintillation could be attributed to the asymmetry of neutral winds in the thermosphere that drives the eastward electric fields.     

社交网络中谣言传播动力学研究

社交网络已成为谣言发酵与传播的主要媒介之一,因此有必要研究谣言在社交网络上的传播规律。本文结合时空滞后、空间扩散、媒体报道等因素对社交网络中谣言传播的影响,建立新的社交网络谣言时空传播模型。利用偏泛函微分方程理论,给出模型的稳定性以及发生Hopf分岔的判别条件。数值仿真显示时滞可以影响模型的收敛速度及改变模型的稳定性,同时,媒体对社交网络谣言的深度报道可以极大地减小网络中谣言传播者密度,并扩大系统的稳定区域。 最后,给出一些社交网络谣言传播控制策略。     

多无人机协同覆盖路径规划

多无人机协同覆盖路径规划(CPP)由于其并行性和容错能力,对于提高无人机完成侦察、监视、搜索等任务的效率具有重要意义。提出了一种基于无人机任务性能评价和任务区域划分的多无人机协同CPP算法。定量分析了无人机执行覆盖任务的能力,根据无人机及携带成像传感器的性能给出了计算无人机任务性能指数的数学公式;提出了一种基于任务性能和子区域宽度的任务区域划分算法,使无人机的总转弯次数达到最少。仿真结果表明,所提出的CPP算法能够规划出全局最优的多无人机协同覆盖路径。     

自循环机匣处理周向覆盖比例和喷嘴轴向位置对轴流压气机扩稳效果的影响

为了揭示自循环机匣处理周向覆盖比例和喷嘴轴向位置对扩稳效果的影响规律,在固定引气位置于叶顶阻塞区域的前提下,设计了6个不同周向覆盖比例和4个不同喷嘴轴向位置的自循环机匣处理结构,并以一个高亚声速轴流压气机转子为研究对象进行了数值模拟。结果表明:随着周向覆盖比例增大,压气机的综合稳定裕度先增大后减小,峰值效率则单调降低,综合稳定裕度改进量最大的周向覆盖比例为90%,兼顾扩稳效果和效率损失的最佳周向覆盖比例为30%。随着喷嘴位置由叶顶前缘沿轴向逐渐前移,压气机的扩稳效果变化不大,但效率有所提升,而且喷嘴位置越往前移,效率提升越多。     

采用多重交点判别的传感器网络覆盖控制协议

在保证一定的覆盖质量前提下,延长传感器网络生存时间,提出一种以充分必要条件判断网络节点冗余性的分布式覆盖控制协议.该协议通过多重交点判别法则(MIER,Multi-Intersection Estimation Rule)对无线传感器网络进行分布式节点的动态休眠控制,从理论上证明了MIER法则是判断网络节点冗余性的充分必要条件,能保证目标区域不出现覆盖盲点同时使活跃节点数降至最低.实验表明,MIER法则比CCP法则有了很大改进,消除由于法则本身引起的盲点数目,能更好的运用于覆盖控制协议中,更为准确的判断节点是否应该工作或休眠,是判别节点是否冗余的充分必要条件;同时比Ottawa法则更加高效的减少整个网络功耗,延长网络寿命.     

The post sunset equatorial F- region zonal drift variability and its linkage with equatorial spread F onset and duration over Indian longitudes

The seasonal and solar activity variation of the post sunset F- region zonal plasma drift, at the magnetic equatorial region over Indian longitudes is analyzed using the Republic of China Satellite-1 data from January 2000 to April 2004. The post sunset F- region zonal drifts are observed to be higher in the years of high solar activity in comparison with low solar activity, while seasonally the drifts are minimum in summer with much higher values in other seasons. The seasonal and solar activity variations of zonal plasma drift are attributed to the corresponding variations in the neutral winds. The dependences of the F region peak vertical drift on the zonal plasma drift at 18.5 IST (Indian Standard Time) and the time difference of the conjugate points sunset times, are quantitatively analyzed. Further an integrated parameter (incorporating the above mentioned two independent factors), which is able to predict the peak vertical drift and growth rate of Rayleigh Taylor instability is proposed. The other major outcome of the study is the successful prediction of the Equatorial Spread F (ESF) onset time and duration using the new integrated parameter at 18.5 IST. ESF irregularities and associated scintillations adversely affect communication and navigation systems. Hence, the present methodology for the prediction of the characteristics of these nocturnal irregularities becomes relevant.     

中低轨红外预警星座基于自由段跟踪的单星覆盖性能

推导了中低轨天基红外星座中单颗卫星基于自由段跟踪时的空域覆盖体积与星下黑体积,研究了其随轨道高度变化的规律,分析了存在切地角影响时的体积变化,并进行了计算。     

Dust Environment Modelling of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Dust is an important constituent of cometary emission; its analysis is one of the major objectives of ESA’s Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (C–G). Several instruments aboard Rosetta are dedicated to studying various aspects of dust in the cometary coma, all of which require a certain level of exposure to dust to achieve their goals. At the same time, impacts of dust particles can constitute a hazard to the spacecraft. To conciliate the demands of dust collection instruments and spacecraft safety, it is desirable to assess the dust environment in the coma even before the arrival of Rosetta. We describe the present status of modelling the dust coma of 67P/C–G and predict the speed and flux of dust in the coma, the dust fluence on a spacecraft along sample trajectories, and the radiation environment in the coma. The model will need to be refined when more details of the coma are revealed by observations. An overview of astronomical observations of 67P/C–G is given, because model parameters are derived from this data if possible. For quantities not yet measured for 67P/C–G, we use values obtained for other comets, e.g. concerning the optical and compositional properties of the dust grains. One of the most important and most controversial parameters is the dust mass distribution. We summarise the mass distribution functions derived from the in-situ measurements at comet 1P/Halley in 1986. For 67P/C–G, constraining the mass distribution is currently only possible by the analysis of astronomical images. We find that both the dust mass distribution and the time dependence of the dust production rate of 67P/C–G are those of a fairly typical comet.     

One dimensional blood flow in a planetocentric orbit

All life on earth is accustomed to the presence of gravity. When gravity is altered, biological processes can go awry. It is of great importance to ensure safety during a spaceflight. Long term exposure to microgravity can trigger detrimental physiological responses in the human body. Fluid redistribution coupled with fluid loss is one of the effects. In particular, in microgravity blood volume is shifted towards the thorax and head. Sympathetic nervous system-induced vasoconstriction is needed to maintain arterial pressure, while venoconstriction limits venous pooling of blood prevents further reductions in venous return of blood to the heart. In this paper, we modify an existing one dimensional blood flow model with the inclusion of the hydrostatic pressure gradient that further depends on the gravitational field modified by the oblateness and rotation of the Earth. We find that the velocity of the blood flow V_B is inversely proportional to the blood specific volume d, also proportional to the oblateness harmonic coefficient J₂, the angular velocity of the Earth ω_E, and finally proportional to an arbitrary constant c. For c = −0.39073 and ξ_H = −0.5 mmHg, all orbits result to less blood flow velocities than that calculated on the surface of the Earth. From all considered orbits, elliptical polar orbit of eccentricity e = 0.2 exhibit the largest flow velocity V_B = 1.031 m/s, followed by the orbits of inclination i = 45°and 0°. The Earth’s oblateness and its rotation contribute a 0.7% difference to the blood flow velocity.     

区域覆盖低轨卫星移动通信系统星座优化设计

针对区域覆盖低轨卫星移动通信系统星座,提出了一种改进遗传算法(GA)的优化设计。根据改进的区域覆盖星座模型,采用可变维数优化的整数与实数混合的染色体编码。给出了算法步骤。某区域覆盖低轨卫星移动通信系统星座优化设计算例结果显示了该算法的有效性。