环火星自主导航系统设计及参数优化研究

当前火星探测器环绕段的导航信息主要依赖地面深空探测网提供,基于光学成像的导航方式尚不能提供较高的导航精度。因此提出一种应用相对测量的探测器实现火星环绕段的自主导航。两颗编队飞行的探测器进行相对测量,观测信息为探测器之间的相对视线矢量(LOS)。同时利用主星的星敏感器确定星体在惯性空间的姿态,将观测信息转换至惯性系下获得简化的观测方程,使用扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)对卫星的轨道进行确定。介绍了具体导航方案的实现方法和技术细节,使用粒子群优化方法(PSO)对模型设计的相关参数进行优化,导航精度得到明显提高。实现位置确定精度10 m,速度确定精度0.01 m/s。为设计最优的编队导航系统参数提供了有效思路。     

Validation of non-linear split window algorithm for land surface temperature estimation using Sentinel-3 satellite imagery: Case study; Tehran Province,Iran

In recent years, land surface temperature (LST) has become critical in environmental studies and earth science. Remote sensing technology enables spatiotemporal monitoring of this parameter on large scales. This parameter can be estimated by satellite images with at least one thermal band. Sentinel-3 SLSTR data provide LST products with a spatial resolution of 1 km. In this research, direct and indirect validation procedures were employed to evaluate the Sentinel-3 SLSTR LST products over the study area in different seasons from 2018 to 2019. The validation method was based on the absolute (direct) evaluation of this product with field data and comparison (indirect) evaluation with the MODIS LST product and the estimated LST using the non-linear split-window (NSW) algorithm. Also, two emissivity estimation methods, (1) NDVI thresholding method (NDVI-THM) and (2) classification-based emissivity method (CBEM), were used to estimate the LST using the NSW method according to the two thermal bands of Sentinel-3 images. Then, the accuracy of these methods in estimating LST was evaluated using field data and temporal changes of vegetation, which the NDVI-THM method generated better results. For indirect evaluation between the Sentinel-3 LST product, MODIS LST product, and LST estimated using NSW, four filters based on spatial and temporal separates between pairs of pixels and pixel quality were used to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the compared pairs of a pixel. In general, the accuracy results of the LST products of MODIS and Sentinel-3, and LST estimated using NSW showed a similar trend for LST changes during the seasons. With respect to the two absolute and comparative validations for the Sentinel-3 LST products, summer with the highest values of bias (?1.24 K), standard deviation (StDv = 2.66 K), and RMSE (2.43 K), and winter with the lowest ones (bias of 0.14 K, StDv of 1.13 K, and RMSE of 1.12 K) provided the worst and best results for the seasons in the period of 2018–2019, respectively. According to both absolute and comparative evaluation results, the Sentinel-3 SLSTR LST products provided reliable results for all seasons on a large temporal and spatial scale over our studied area.     

Two years of INTEGRAL observation of the BHC IGR J17464-3213

On March 2003, IBIS, the γ-ray imager on board the INTEGRAL satellite, detected an outburst from a new source, IGR J17464-3213, that turned out to be an HEAO-1 transient, namely H1743-322. The spectral and temporal evolutions of the source were observed by INTEGRAL in different periods. Also RXTE observed the source for the first time on 2003 March 29 during a PCA Galactic bulge scan. The source flux decayed below the RXTE PCA sensitivity limit in November 2003, then in April 2004 it was again detected by INTEGRAL. On July 3, 2004 the source was again detected by RXTE/PCA at a 2–10 keV intensity of 16 mCrab and on July 7, reached 69 mCrab. Recently, a new outburst was observed on August 2005. We briefly summarise here the behaviour of the source observed by INTEGRAL from March 2003 to August 2005. The new outbursts of the source and the analysis of all the data collected (now public) give a global view of the spectral and time behaviour of this X-ray transient.     

基于超临界RP-3流动换热系统的RP-3对流换热规律试验研究

开发了超临界RP-3流动换热试验系统。采用该试验系统分析了RP-3在φ2．2mm×0．2mm的不锈钢管中竖直向上和向下流动的换热规律;对其物理特性参数,采用广义对应状态法,结合试验结果给出。试验结果表明：浮升力和热加速的影响可以忽略不计,向上和向下流动对换热没有显著影响。对试验数据与采用2种经验公式所得的计算结果进行了比较,结果表明吻合情况较好。     

航空发动机多部件3维性能联合仿真探索验证与展望

航空发动机各部件在单独进行3维仿真时,其流道气动参数和部件性能参数与总体匹配设计值之间通常存在一定的偏差,为减小部件仿真与总体设计值之间的差异,将工程设计应用较为广泛的总体性能程序和各部件3维模型相结合,开展各部件3维模型在整机匹配约束条件下考虑部件之间相互影响的性能联合仿真,探索了多部件联合仿真方法,建立整机3维仿真架构,通过整机3维仿真获得了航空发动机多部件内部及部件间界面流动情况。仿真结果表明：主流道流场参数相比单部件3维仿真更加接近设计值,与设计值之间的偏差量不超过4%,满足工程应用要求。提出了整机匹配约束下航空发动机多部件3维性能仿真技术发展思路。     

北斗三号系统精密单点定位服务解析与应用

为提高北斗三号系统在高精度应用领域的竞争力,规划并设计了精密单点定位服务.基于精密单点定位服务信号接口控制文件,对北斗三号精密单点定位服务的信号设计进行解析,并提出了一种用户应用算法,最后给出了北斗三号精密单点定位服务的试验验证结果.试验结果表明,北斗三号精密单点定位服务水平定位精度优于0.3m,高程精度优于0.6m,...     

超临界压力下航空煤油RP-3壁面结焦特性对换热的影响

研究了超临界压力下航空煤油(RP-3)在微细管内流动过程中结焦对换热的影响规律.实验中系统压力保持为5MPa,燃油质量流量为3g/s.燃油溶解氧达到饱和,实验段进出口油温分别为127℃和450℃,实验时间为60min,并利用“称质法”获得煤油结焦量.结果表明:由于壁面结焦的差异使得换热特性沿实验段可分为3个区域:进口低温段的传热稳定区、结焦峰值处的传热恶化区和出口高温段的短期强化区.进口低温段结焦量较少,对换热的影响可以忽略;结焦峰值处由于其结焦迅速且量大致使管内传热热阻突增,传热系数下降36.1%故出现传热恶化;高温段出现短期强化是由于结焦微粒附着于管壁,增加了其粗糙度而导致近壁面处流体湍动能增大以及由于近壁面高温区域煤油裂解结焦而产生化学吸 热量,进而强化换热.随着时间的推移,结焦量不断增多,结焦热阻增加的效应抵消并超过以上两种因素的影响,因此又出现传热恶化.      

对地观测卫星成像调度的多目标约束修正方法

 约束修正是对地观测卫星成像调度的重要组成部分,负责处理成像调度方案的约束满足与优化,是一类复杂的组合优化问题。为得到优化可行的成像调度方案,提出一种新的约束修正方法。针对约束修正问题构建时间序有向图模型,并将约束修正问题归结为点带约束成本的优化路径搜索问题;在此基础上,提出一种基于标记更新的多目标约束修正算法。实际问题的实验与分析表明：该方法能够在规定的时间内求得问题所有的多目标优化解,有效地解决了卫星成像调度的约束满足与优化问题。     

低温环境下RP-3 航空煤油雾化特性试验研究

为了获取低温对RP-3航空煤油雾化特性的影响,在综合试验台上完成了供油压力为300～700 kPa、燃油温度为25、-15、-35 ℃的某喷嘴雾化特性试验。使用高速摄像机拍摄雾化图像,利用Matlab/GUI图像处理功能编制的程序提取雾化锥角边缘,并获得雾化锥角,使用相位多普勒粒子分析仪测得距喷口7 mm和17 mm处截面的雾化粒度和油滴平均速度。结果表明：在压力一定、温度降低时,雾化锥角变小,油滴雾化粒度增大,油滴平均速度升高,在同测量截面上的油滴平均速度变化量减小;随着压力升高,-35 ℃和25 ℃的雾化锥角相差不超过1°,-35 ℃的油滴雾化粒度增幅减小到8.36%。     

基于响应面法的颗粒增强黏结接头参数优化及断裂失效分析

基于Box-Behnken Design （BBD）设计方法,开展Al₂O₃颗粒增强黏结工艺试验研究。建立了黏结特征参数（颗粒粒径、黏结层厚度、质量分数）与响应值（失效载荷、能量吸收值）之间的多元回归模型,并通过实验对模型进行了验证。建立了黏结层的代表性体积单元（Representative volume element,RVE）有限元分析模型,探讨胶层断裂失效机理。结果表明,颗粒粒径对接头破坏载荷的影响最大。对能量吸收值影响最大的是颗粒质量分数。最佳工艺参数颗粒粒径为46 μm,胶层厚度为0.6 mm,质量分数为5%。有限元分析表明,Al₂O₃颗粒的加入改变了裂纹扩展路径,增加了裂纹长度,使得胶层的断裂能增加,进而提高了黏结接头的力学性能。