高稳定性电弧等离子体超声速喷管流动装置

笔者在已研制的壁稳电弧等离子体发生器基础上,改进了阳极结构、加置Laval喷管,建立了一套可长期连续运行的高稳定性电弧等离子体超声速喷管流动装置,超声速电弧射流的不稳定度为1％(纯氩)和3％(氮氩),电弧射流具有很好的稳定性、再现性和对称性。测量表明：超声速电弧射流的电子温度沿流动方向呈现出波浪形周期升降的变化规律。     

用时域法EIS技术研究LY12CZ 铝合金的局部腐蚀

通过周期浸泡腐蚀实验和时域法电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究了LY12CZ铝合金的腐蚀损伤,用金相法测量最大腐蚀深度,用统计分析方法处理实验数据.结果表明,LY12铝合金经周期浸泡腐蚀试验后,低频阻抗倒数1/R_d符合Gumbel分布,1/R_d随腐蚀时间变化的动力学曲线呈S形,该曲线分成点蚀和剥蚀两个阶段,点蚀阶段符合Sigmoidal曲线关系,剥蚀阶段符合线性关系.1/R_d与最大腐蚀深度在空间统计分布和腐蚀动力学规律两个方面都有一致性,因此可以用1/R_d表征腐蚀损伤程度.由此可见,时域法EIS技术可作为一种快速、无损、定量的腐蚀评估手段.      

Soft X-Ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Excess Emission from Clusters of Galaxies

An excess over the extrapolation to the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray ranges of the thermal emission from the hot intracluster medium has been detected in a number of clusters of galaxies. We briefly present each of the satellites (EUVE, ROSAT PSPC and BeppoSAX, and presently XMM-Newton, Chandra and Suzaku) and their corresponding instrumental issues, which are responsible for the fact that this soft excess remains controversial in a number of cases. We then review the evidence for this soft X-ray excess and discuss the possible mechanisms (thermal and non-thermal) which could be responsible for this emission.     

钛合金的离子束改性

钛合金是航空航天工业常用的结构材料,它具有重量轻、强度高、抗腐蚀强等优良性能,但耐磨性较差.为提高其耐磨性,对TC4、TA7航材试件,采用溅射方法在其表面镀上钛膜,并用(N^＋＋N^＋₂)混合离子束进行动态反冲注入及单元素C^＋离子束注入两种方法,进行表面改性.精密摩擦、磨损试验及显微硬度测量结果,试件表面的滑动摩擦系数降低了64%~77%;磨损率减少了22%~48%;显微硬度提高0.3~1.4倍.证明离子注入有效地改善了合金表层的摩擦、磨损性能.对注入样品进行X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,发现注入后的钛合金表层,生成了大量的TiO₂,并析出TiN,TiC等金属化合物,这是降低摩擦系数,提高耐磨性的主要因素.添加C^＋离子注入的试件,其力学性能并无进一步改善,原因有待分析.     

7085铝合金残余应力及加工变形的数值仿真与试验

毛坯残余应力的测量以及零件的加工变形分析是航空整体结构件数控加工工艺研究的难题。应用MSC.Marc软件对某型飞机主起支撑接头的7085铝合金锻件毛坯的淬火-压缩工艺进行了数值仿真,获得了毛坯残余应力分布趋势;应用X射线衍射法与钻孔法测量了毛坯表层残余应力分布,提出了基于系数修正法的毛坯残余应力分析方法,通过最小二乘法（LSM）拟合仿真值与试验值以获得应力修正系数,并对毛坯残余应力分布的仿真结果进行修正,获得了实际毛坯的残余应力分布;由此进行了主起支撑接头缩比零件加工变形仿真与验证试验。研究结果表明：7085铝合金块状毛坯残余应力数值仿真结果与测试结果的趋势吻合,为应力修正提供了物理基础;相对于未修正的应力分布,基于修正后的应力分布仿真获得的变形结果精度提高了50%;7085-T7452铝合金的毛坯残余应力是导致主起支撑接头加工变形的主要因素。     

Broadening of Fe X (6374 Å) profiles above the limb in a coronal hole

Profiles of the visible Fe X (6374 Å) coronal emission line as a function of height above the limb were obtained out to 1.16 solar radii in a coronal hole using the NSO/Sacramento Peak Observatory Coronagraph, Universal Spectrograph and a CCD camera. These are the first coronal line profiles obtained as a function of height in a coronal hole from the ground. Analysis of the line widths suggests a large component of nonthermal broadening which increases with height ranging from 40 to 60 km/s, depending upon the assumed temperature or thermal component of the profile.     

主成分分析用于近红外光谱定量测定高硅氧／酚醛预浸料树脂含量及挥发份含量研究

采用傅里叶变换近红外漫反射光谱技术分析了酚醛树脂固化过程的光谱变化,发现高硅氧/酚醛预浸料的近红外光谱经一阶导数处理后,被树脂信息掩盖的挥发份(乙醇)的光谱信息显露出来,由此采用处理后的光谱定量分析挥发份能取得更精确的结果。结合主成分分析法研究了高硅氧/酚醛预浸料树脂含量、挥发份含量的定量分析。结果表明,预浸料的第一主成分在树脂含量上有极高的正载荷。用主成分回归所建立的模型对未知样品预测,树脂含量和挥发份含量平均标准偏差分别为0.6114和0.1885。     

老化时间对涂层性能的影响

利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究了含有锌铬黄防锈颜料的环氧酯漆涂层的耐蚀性能。研究发现,当老化时间为4周时,涂层的耐蚀性能最佳,时间过长或过短都使得涂层性能下降。并且EIS技术可以用来研究涂层的老化。     

UVCS/SOHO Observations of Spectral Line Profiles in Polar Coronal Holes

Ultraviolet emission line profiles have been measured on 15-29 September 1997 for H I 1216 Å, O VI 1032, 1037 Å and Mg X 625 Å in a polar coronal hole, at heliographic heights ? (in solar radii) between 1.34 and 2.0. Observations of H I 1216 Å and the O VI doublet from January 1997 for ? = 1.5 to 3.0 are provided for comparison. Mg X 625 Å is observed to have a narrow component at ? = 1.34 which accounts for only a small fraction of the observed spectral radiance, and a broad component that exists at all observed heights. The widths of O VI broad components are only slightly larger than those for H I at ? = 1.34, but are significantly larger at ? = 1.5 and much larger for ? > 1.75. In contrast, the Mg X values are less than those of H I up to 1.75 and then increase rapidly up to at least ? = 2.0, but never reach the values of O VI.     

酚醛树脂固化度的X射线衍射分析

发展使用Ｘ射线衍技术对酚醛树脂固化度进行研究，确定了酚醛树脂固化度与Ｘ射线散射最大值的 关系，得出了利用２θ角来标定树脂固化度的公式。该方法具有快速、无损、灵敏度主同的优点，并可适用于各种不同的酚醛树脂。