高浓度颗粒流冲刷条件下硅橡胶和EPDM绝热材料动态烧蚀实验

利用X射线实时诊断技术(RTR)针对硅橡胶和EPDM绝热材料,开展了高浓度颗粒流冲刷条件下动态烧蚀实验研究,成功获得了绝热材料烧蚀表面退移过程的序列图像。研究表明:(1)在本实验条件下,硅橡胶绝热材料颗粒冲刷区域的瞬时烧蚀率在0～2s内迅速增加,2s之后瞬时烧蚀率略有下降并趋于稳定;EPDM绝热材料颗粒冲刷区域的瞬时烧蚀率在0～1s内迅速增加,1s之后瞬时烧蚀率趋于稳定;(2)相同冲刷条件下硅橡胶绝热材料抗颗粒流冲刷性能比EPDM绝热材料差,硅橡胶绝热材料不适合在高过载发动机中应用;(3)高浓度颗粒流冲刷条件下绝热材料的烧蚀率比常规条件下要严重的多,其机理主要是高温颗粒流对炭化层有强烈的机械剥蚀效应和热化学烧蚀作用。实验结果对硅橡胶和EPDM绝热材料烧蚀机理研究及烧蚀建模具有重要参考价值。     

基于差分吸收光谱技术的烟道SO2浓度的测量

利用差分光谱吸收（DOAS）技术，测量大气中痕量污染气体的浓度，是当前环保行业一项热门技术。对此方法适当改进，可以用来监测工业烟道排出的SO2的浓度和排放量，研究了利用DOAS技术测量烟气的测量方法、数据处理以及减小误差的方法，实现了烟气中SO2的在线实时测量。     

MESSENGER and the Chemistry of Mercury’s Surface

The instrument suite on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft is well suited to address several of Mercury’s outstanding geochemical problems. A combination of data from the Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer (GRNS) and X-Ray Spectrometer (XRS) instruments will yield the surface abundances of both volatile (K) and refractory (Al, Ca, and Th) elements, which will test the three competing hypotheses for the origin of Mercury’s high bulk metal fraction: aerodynamic drag in the early solar nebula, preferential vaporization of silicates, or giant impact. These same elements, with the addition of Mg, Si, and Fe, will put significant constraints on geochemical processes that have formed the crust and produced any later volcanism. The Neutron Spectrometer sensor on the GRNS instrument will yield estimates of the amount of H in surface materials and may ascertain if the permanently shadowed polar craters have a significant excess of H due to water ice. A comparison of the FeO content of olivine and pyroxene determined by the Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer (MASCS) instrument with the total Fe determined through both GRNS and XRS will permit an estimate of the amount of Fe present in other forms, including metal and sulfides.     

燃烧场吸收光谱诊断技术研究进展

基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱（TDLAS）的视线测量技术,有能力实现流场温度、速度、组分浓度等参数的快速测量。作为一种有效的诊断工具,TDLAS传感器已经在燃烧和推进系统的研究和开发中获得广泛应用,为改善系统的性能发挥着越来越重要的作用。新应用机会的出现,对传感器提出新挑战的同时也促进了相关技术的进步。概括介绍了TDLAS技术的发展水平、在燃烧场诊断中的应用及未来的潜力,为相关研究人员提供参考。     

Status of the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), a joint US/German project, is a 2.5-m infrared airborne telescope carried by a Boeing 747-SP that flies in the stratosphere at altitudes as high as 45,000 ft (13.72 km). This facility is capable of observing from 0.3 μm to 1.6 mm with an average transmission greater than 80% averaged over all wavelengths. SOFIA will be staged out of the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center aircraft operations facility at Palmdale, CA. The SOFIA Science Mission Operations (SMO) will be located at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. First science flights began in 2010 and a full operations schedule of up to one hundred 8 to 10 hour-long flights per year will be reached by 2014. The observatory is expected to operate until the mid-2030s. SOFIA’s initial complement of seven focal plane instruments includes broadband imagers, moderate-resolution spectrographs that will resolve broad features due to dust and large molecules, and high-resolution spectrometers capable of studying the kinematics of atomic and molecular gas at sub-km/s resolution. We describe the SOFIA facility and outline the opportunities for observations by the general scientific community and for future instrumentation development. The operational characteristics of the SOFIA first-generation instruments are summarized. The status of the flight test program is discussed and we show First Light images obtained at wavelengths from 5.4 to 37 μm with the FORCAST imaging camera. Additional information about SOFIA is available at http://www.sofia.usra.edu and http://www.sofia.usra.edu/Science/docs/SofiaScienceVision051809-1.pdf.     

Stellar Coronal Astronomy

Coronal astronomy is by now a fairly mature discipline, with a quarter century having gone by since the detection of the first stellar X-ray coronal source (Capella), and having benefitted from a series of major orbiting observing facilities. Serveral observational characteristics of coronal X-ray and EUV emission have been solidly established through extensive observations, and are by now common, almost text-book, knowledge. At the same time the implications of coronal astronomy for broader astrophysical questions (e.g.Galactic structure, stellar formation, stellar structure, etc.) have become appreciated. The interpretation of stellar coronal properties is however still often open to debate, and will need qualitatively new observational data to book further progress. In the present review we try to recapitulate our view on the status of the field at the beginning of a new era, in which the high sensitivity and the high spectral resolution provided by Chandra and SMM-Newton will address new questions which were not accessible before. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

耐碱棉纸中含铁量的测定方法

用Ｎ２ＯＣ２Ｈ２原子吸收法来测定某型导弹热电池耐碱棉纸中的铁含量。并对测定条件和干扰困素进行了综合考虑。该测定方法具有很好的灵敏度，很好的精确度、干扰少、选择性和重现性好等优点。相对标准偏差ＲＳＤ＜１．０％（ｎ＝１０）。标准加入回收率均在９８％～１０２％（ｎ＝３）范围内。完全适用于耐碱棉纸中的含铁量的控制和样品系统分析。在实际应用中取得了很好的效果。     

Coronal Mass Ejections

This workshop summary tries to distill the key difficulties and questions in the art of (I)CME physics and strategies to address them. (I)CMEs are multi-dimensional, multi-parameter, and multi-scale phenomena related to the solar dynamo, corona, and heliosphere. This workshop illustrates the immense progress made in describing and modeling these spectacular energetic solar events, but also shows clear shortcomings in our understanding of them.     

Instrument concept and preliminary performance analysis of GLORIA

The Global Radiance Limb Imager Experiment for the Atmosphere (GLORIA) shall provide a detailed global picture of the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region (UTLS) and make available novel information on small-scale atmospheric dynamics.

The instrument will be a space borne imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer operating in the thermal infrared spectral region. It will produce spectrally resolved images of the earth’s limb with a vertical extension of 60 km and a horizontal extension of 400 km. The paper focuses on the preliminary instrument concept and on results of studies concerning sensitivity and spectrometric performance. GLORIA has been proposed as a national German space mission. An aircraft version is currently under development.     

Black-hole transients: From QPOs to relativistic jets

Due to the impressive amount of new data provided by the RXTE satellite in the past decade, our knowledge of the phenomenology of accretion onto black holes has increased considerably. In particular, it has been possible to schematize the outburst evolution of transient systems on the basis of their spectral and timing properties, and link them to the ejection of relativistic jets as observed in the radio. Here, I present this scheme, concentrating on the properties of the quasi-periodic oscillations observed in the light curves and on the link with jet ejection.