基于EMD-CS的脉冲星周期超快速估计

面向X射线脉冲星周期估计的压缩感知（CS）中测量矩阵尺寸大,进而导致计算量大。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于经验模态分解-压缩感知（EMD-CS）的脉冲星周期超快速估计方法。将不同畸变度的脉冲轮廓进行EMD分解,得到一系列固有模态函数（IMF）。由于IMF包含了不同时间尺度的局部特征信号,脉冲轮廓畸变度这一微弱局部特征可体现在某些IMF中。采用迭代剔除法剔除冗余的IMF,剩下的IMF构成了测量矩阵。由于IMF的数量较少,采样率大幅减少。利用EMD-CS可实现X射线脉冲星周期超快速估计。通过计算复杂度分析结果可知,采样率与计算量呈正比关系。仿真结果中表明,EMD-CS的采样率为0.25%,仅为FFT-CS的1/29,因而计算量更小。     

X-ray bursts associated with envelope expansion

The precursor associated with a long X-ray burst is interpreted in terms of the stellar envelope expansion. The mass flow driven by the radiation pressure in excess of the local Eddington limit and the grey atmosphere model correctly describe the burst profiles in different energy ranges.     

FY-2C卫星太阳X射线探测器性能定标

通过具体的实验对FY-2C太阳X射线探测器进行了详细的定标.太阳X射线探测器的传感器采用充Ar气的正比计数器.主要探测能量大于4 KeV的太阳X射线流量.在坪特性、效率、正比性、能道划分、能量分辨率和时间分辨率等6个方面详细介绍了定标的方法及结果.定标结果表明,FY-2C卫星的太阳X射线探测器在各个方面都具有很好的性能.最后对FY-2C的在轨探测数据与GOES卫星进行了比较.GOES卫星的太阳X射线传感器采用电离室.FY-2C的探测结果与GOES的探测结果非常吻合.结果表明,FY-2C太阳X射线探测器可以很好地监测太阳X射线的流量变化,为空间环境监测提供有效的服务.      

X射线脉冲星导航技术研究进展

X射线脉冲星能够为近地轨道、深空和星际空间飞行航天器提供位置、速度、时间和姿态等丰富的导航信息,实现航天器高精度自主导航和运行管理,有着巨大的发展潜力.本文论述了X射线脉冲星导航技术研究历程;重点研究了X射线脉冲星导航的基本原理、信息处理流程和自主导航算法,进而提出了脉冲星导航的关键技术;分析了国内脉冲星观测研究的基础条件,以及开展X射线脉冲星导航技术研究的必要性和可行性.      

Impact of heliogeophysical disturbances on ionospheric HF channels

The article presents the results of the observation of a strong magnetic storm and two X-ray flares during the summer solstice in 2015, and their impact on the HF signals characteristics in ionospheric oblique sounding. It was found that the negative phase of the magnetic storm led to a strong degradation of the ionospheric channel, ultimately causing a long blackout on paths adjacent to subauroral latitudes. On mid-latitude paths, the decrease in 1FMOF reached ～50% relative to the average values for the quiet ionosphere. It is shown that the propagation conditions via the sporadic Es layer during the magnetic storm on a subauroral path are substantially better than those for F-mode propagation via the upper ionosphere. The delay of the sharp decrease in 1FMOF during the main phase of the magnetic storm allowed us to determine the propagation velocity of the negative phase disturbances (～100 m/s) from subauroral to mid-latitude ionosphere along two paths: Lovozero – Yoshkar-Ola and Cyprus – Nizhny Novgorod. It is shown that both the LOF and the signal/noise ratio averaged over the frequency band corresponding to the propagation mode via the sporadic Es layer correlate well with the auroral AE index. Using an over-the-horizon chirp radar with a bistatic configuration on the Cyprus – Rostov-on-Don path, we located small-scale scattering irregularities responsible for abnormal signals in the region of the equatorial boundary of the auroral oval.     

Solar system planets observed with Suzaku

Recent results of solar system planets observed with the Japanese X-ray astronomy satellite Suzaku are reviewed. Thanks to the low instrumental background and good energy resolution, X-ray CCDs onboard Suzaku are one of the best probes to study diffuse X-ray emission. An overview of the Suzaku data of Jupiter and Earth is presented, along with preliminary results of Mars. Firstly, diffuse hard X-ray emission is discovered in 1–5 keV at Jovian radiation belts. Its spectrum is represented by a power-law continuum with a photon index of ∼1.4. This emission could originate from inverse-Compton scattering of solar photons by tens MeV electrons. Secondly, variable diffuse soft X-rays are serendipitously found during observations in the directions of the north ecliptic pole and galactic ridge. Good time correlations with the solar wind and emission lines found in the X-ray spectra are firm evidences of a solar wind charge exchange emission with Earth’s exosphere. Thirdly, diffuse X-ray emission from Martian exosphere via the solar wind charge exchange is investigated for the first time at solar minimum. A stringent upper limit on the density of the Martian exosphere is placed from the Suzaku data.     

Converging motion of conjugate flaring kernels during two large solar flares

In this paper, we analyze the footpoint motion of two large solar flares using observations made by the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) and Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). The two flares are the M5.7 flare of March 14, 2002 and the X10 flare of October 29, 2003. They are both classical two-ribbon flares as observed in TRACE 1600 or 171 Å images and have long-duration conjugate hard X-ray (HXR) footpoint emission. We use the ‘center-of-mass’ method to locate the centroids of the UV/EUV flare ribbons. The results are: (1) The conjugate UV/EUV ribbons and HXR footpoints of the two flares show a converging (inward) motion during the impulsive phase. For the two flares, the converging motion lasts about 3 and 10 min, respectively. The usual separation (outward) motion for the flare ribbons and footpoints take place only after the converging motion. (2) During the inward and the outward motion, the conjugate ribbons and footpoints of the two events exhibit a strong unshear motion. In obtaining above results, TRACE UV/EUV and RHESSI HXR data show an overall agreement. The two events demonstrate that the magnetic reconnection for the flares occurs in highly sheared magnetic field. Furthermore, the results support the magnetic model constructed by Ji et al. [Ji, H., Huang, G., Wang, H. Astrophys. J. 660, 893–900, 2007], who proposed that the contracting motion of flaring loops is the signature of the relaxation of sheared magnetic fields.     

The dark matter halo structure of “fossil” groups candidates

We investigated properties of four isolated giant elliptical galaxies with extended X-ray halo using ASCA data. The derived size of X-ray halo, X-ray luminosity, and gravitational mass of the dark halo are unusually large those of X-ray halo of a single galaxy, but are typical for X-ray halos of groups and poor clusters of galaxies. The measured temperatures and abundances of the X-ray halo gas in these galaxies are also similar to those of the groups and poor clusters. Based on these results we identified these galaxies as “isolated X-ray overluminous elliptical galaxy” (IOLEG). The radial profiles of dark halo in these objects were derived from X-ray data. It is found that some are similar to those of compact groups while others are the same as those of normal ellipticals. The dark halos of lOLEGs are thus indistinguishable from those of groups (and poor clusters), which appears to be consistent with a widely believed idea that lOLEGs are a product of dynamical evolution of a compact group. However, mass-to-light ratios of IOLEGs (M₂₀₀/L_B  100–1000) are far greater than those of Hickson compact groups M₂₀₀/L_B  40–60). Since it is hard to consider that total optical luminosity of a compact group decreases by an order of magnitude in the course of dynamical evolution, such difference in the observed mass-to-light ratio between IOLEGs and Hickson compact groups strongly suggests that most IOLEGs have not evolved from compact groups which are observed at present.     

Method for Measuring Residual Stresses Induced by Boring in Internal Surface of Tube and Its Validation with XRD Method

Residual stresses can have a strong effect on the usability of machined parts,and the X-ray diffraction(XRD)measuring equipment,which is commonly used to measure residual stresses,is very expensive.This paper presents a method of measuring the residual stresses induced by boring in the internal surface of a tube with much cheaper equipment.The method,called the strain-based method is mainly based on the strains measured on the external surface of the tube.It is proposed on the basis of the very long tube assumption.The finite element method(FEM)analysis is thus used to validate the length of the tube.Guided by the FEM results,an appropriate length of the tube is chosen,and the residual stresses are obtained from both the strain-based method and the XRD method.Stress profiles obtained from both two methods are compared.The comparison result indicates that the profiles of the two methods agree well with each other.Therefore,it can be concluded that the accuracy of the strain-based method is high enough,and it can be applied to residual stress measurement in practice.     

Diagnosis of coronal magnetic field and nonthermal electrons from Nobeyama observations of a simple flare

Coronal magnetic field and nonthermal electrons are very important parameters for understanding of the global heliophysical processes. A flare on November 1, 2004 is selected for self-consistent calculations of coronal magnetic field parallel and perpendicular to the line-of-sight, and density of nonthermal electrons from Nobeyama observations. Both of the diagnosis methods and results are discussed in this paper.