飞机结构X射线裂纹图像智能评定

飞机结构X 射线图像评定过程存在复杂背景下裂纹分割不准、检出难等问题。基于高效层聚合网络提出一种飞机结构X 射线裂纹图像智能评定模型（ELAN-Seg）,将ELAN-Seg 模型和DeepLabv3+模型的射线图像裂纹分割能力进行对比,结合图像处理技术对模型分割的裂纹长度进行评估,利用飞机强度试验及外场维护过程采集的X 射线图像对模型进行验证。结果表明：分割的最小裂纹长度约为3 mm,ELAN-Seg 模型对复杂背景射线图像裂纹分割更加准确,裂纹漏检率小于3.8%,该模型具有工程适用性。     

Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM) on-board Chandrayaan-2 orbiter

The remote X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful technique to investigate the elemental abundances in the atmosphere-less planetary bodies. The experiment involves measuring spectra of fluorescent X-rays from lunar surface using a low energy X-ray detector onboard an orbiting satellite. Since the flux of fluorescent X-ray lines critically depend on the flux and spectrum of the incident solar X-rays, it is essential to have simultaneous and accurate measurement of X-ray from both Moon and Sun. In the context of Moon, this technique has been employed since early days of space exploration to determine elemental composition of lunar surface. However, so far it has not been possible to exploit it to its full potential due to various reasons. Therefore it is planned to continue the remote X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy experiment on-board Chandrayaan-2 which includes both lunar X-ray observations and solar X-ray observations as two separate payloads. The lunar X-ray observations will be carried out by Chandra Large Area Soft x-ray Spectrometer (CLASS) experiment; whereas the solar X-ray observations will be carried out by a separate payload, Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM). Here we present the overall design of the XSM instrument, the present development status as well as preliminary results of the laboratory model testing. XSM instrument will have two packages namely – XSM sensor package and XSM electronics package. XSM will accurately measure spectrum of Solar X-rays in the energy range of 1–15 keV with energy resolution ∼200 eV @ 5.9 keV. This will be achieved by using state-of-the-art Silicon Drift Detector (SDD), which has a unique capability of maintaining high energy resolution at very high incident count rate expected from Solar X-rays. XSM onboard Chandrayaan-2 will be the first experiment to use such detector for Solar X-ray monitoring.     

脉冲星导航中最优脉冲星组合选取方法

分析了X射线脉冲星导航原理,发现脉冲星的位置和脉冲到达时间(Time of Arrival,TOA)的测量误差直接影响导航精度.为优选导航脉冲星组合,在误差协方差分析的基础上,提出了一种导航脉冲星组合优选方法.该方法分别定义了优选指标位置精度因子(Positioning Dilution of Precision,PDOP)和脉冲星优选指标(Pulsars Select Criteria,PSC),不仅考虑了脉冲星空间位置分布,还考虑了测量噪声差异对导航误差的影响.最后以25颗信号品质较好的脉冲星为例,仿真验证了所提方法的有效性.     

Imaging interplanetary CMEs at radio frequency from solar polar orbit

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) represent a great concentration of mass and energy input into the lower corona. They have come to be recognized as the major driver of physical conditions change in the Sun–Earth system. Consequently, observations of CMEs are important for understanding and ultimately predicting space weather conditions. This paper discusses a proposed mission, the Solar Polar Orbit Radio Telescope (SPORT) mission, which will observe the propagation of interplanetary CMEs to distances of near 0.35 AU from the Sun. The orbit of SPORT is an elliptical solar polar orbit. The inclination angle between the orbit and ecliptic plane should be about 90°. The main payload on board SPORT will be an imaging radiometer working at the meter wavelength band (radio telescope), which can follow the propagation of interplanetary CMEs. The images that are obtained by the radio telescope embody the brightness temperature of the objectives. Due to the very large size required for the antenna aperture of the radio telescope, we adopt interferometric imaging technology to reduce it. Interferometric imaging technology is based on indirect spatial frequency domain measurements plus Fourier transformation. The SPORT spacecraft will also be equipped with a set of optical and in situ measurement instruments such as a EUV solar telescope, a solar wind ion instrument, an energetic particle detector, a magnetometer, a wave detector and a solar radio burst spectrometer.     

共轴共聚焦干涉式表面等离子体显微成像技术

表面等离子体(SPs)显微成像技术能够在纳米尺度上对材料折射率的局部变化以及材料的表面形貌进行检测,这一特性使其在生物医疗及半导体材料等领域有很多的应用。提出一种新型共轴共聚焦干涉式表面等离子体显微成像技术,该技术可以定量地对折射率变化进行检测,而且具有实现简单、成本低、对环境条件要求低、信噪比高等优点。采用压电陶瓷微纳米移动平台在显微物镜的焦面附近对样品进行扫描,SPs信号与参考光的相对相位会改变从而产生一个周期性的振荡信号即V(z)曲线。同时该技术能够通过控制样品的离焦距离来实现图像对比度的可控,而且这一举措不会显著地降低图像的分辨率及对比度。也分别从理论仿真和实验结果上证明了该技术的可行性。     

Gamma-ray detector on board lunar mission Chang’E-1

Gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) is included in the payload of Chinese first lunar mission Chang’E-1 that will be launched in 2007. Specific objectives of the GRS are to map abundance of O, Si, Fe, Ti, U, Th, K, and perhaps, Mg, Al, and Ca to depths of about 20 cm. There are remarkable advantages for GRS application to remote sensing elemental materials over the entire lunar surface: large effective area and good ability for background rejection. We will describe the design of GRS and present its performance in this paper. Moreover, the GRS calibration will also be introduced.     

水溶性近红外荧光发射的PbS量子点的合成与表征

利用N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸（NAC）作为稳定剂,合成了荧光性质良好的水溶性近红外发射的PbS量子点。系统考察了水相合成PbS量子点的主要影响因素,并通过TEM和XRD分别对其形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明,通过改变前体物质Pb／S,PIJ／NAC的摩尔比以及溶液的初始pH值,合成的PbS量子点显示强的近红外荧光,荧光发射峰在895nm到970urn间可调,表现出明显的量子尺寸效应。通过小鼠近红外成像实验初步证实本实验中合成的PbS量子点在生物医学成像,尤其在体内无损在位成像中具有良好的应用前景。     

不同工件超光滑表面残余应力的测试研究

通过对玻璃、陶瓷、金属3个试件进行超精密加工,使试件表面粗糙度达到纳米级,采用非破坏性的X射线衍射sin2ψ法测量原理对不同试件的残余应力进行了测试研究。结果表明:在本试验条件下,3个试件都只存在残余压应力,并且陶瓷的残余压应力最大,金属残余压应力最小。     

正交线偏振光成像制导镜头的设计与仿真

根据成像制导系统提高恶劣环境成像能力和识别真假目标能力的发展需求,研究设计正交线偏振光成像制导超透镜镜头。通过分析超透镜的偏振和相位调控原理,基于传输相位和矩形结构通过最小标准差匹配法设计了基于硅和氟化钡材料的中红外正交线偏振光成像超透镜,工作波长为3 μm。利用时域有限差分法对正交线偏振光超透镜进行了仿真,验证偏振成像效果和计算偏振对比度。仿真结果表明,当超透镜数值孔径为0.21时,正交线偏振光聚焦效率分别为80.5%和80.8%,最大偏振对比度为13dB。     

编码孔径中红外光谱成像系统的光谱重构算法

针对一款基于双DMD的光谱维编码中波红外光谱成像系统的应用需求,在经典的Hadamard变换完备编码理论基础上,提出了一种具有最大信噪比增益的编码矩阵。结合基于双DMD的光谱维编码中波红外光谱成像系统的光路结构和工作原理,探讨了光谱维DMD所加载的编码模板的设计方法。建立了区块化光谱重构算法的数学模型,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,原理样机在具有良好的光谱成像能力的基础上,能够实现较高实时性的凝视成像,其在低光谱分辨率模式下光谱数据立方体帧频能够达到22.35帧/s,验证了区块化光谱重构算法的有效性。