空间光学遥感系统全链路仿真与分析

针对空间光学遥感系统全链路仿真中的建模、验模和应用分析的问题,文章依据光学遥感成像机制,将遥感成像链路分为信号链路、传递链路和噪声链路,分别建立了调制传递函数模型和信噪比模型。利用分环节验证和系统精度验证相结合的方法验证模型精度,基于商业设计软件、手册、实验室测试数据等不同形式进行分环节验证,基于仿真数据与在轨成像数据对比来实现系统精度验证。验证结果表明,调制传递函数全链路模型精度优于80％,信号模型精度优于82％。依据验证后的成像仿真模型,开展在轨成像参数调整仿真分析,针对不同季节、不同区域的成像提出在轨增益调整策略。     

基于厚壁工件X射线实时成像的焊缝缺陷自动检测

基于X射线成像的焊缝缺陷自动检测技术对提高工业射线检测的自动化水平具有重要意义。焊缝缺陷在线连续检测的实时性要求较高,随着工件厚度的增加,其焊缝X射线实时图像的信噪比变得很低,使得已有的处理算法难以满足实时性以及有效处理缺陷误检与漏检之间的矛盾。针对这些问题,在分析了传统方法在厚壁工件X射线图像焊缝缺陷自动检测中存在的问题基础上,对传统方法进行了改进,提出了双阈值背景消除法和平行焊接方向波形分析法,然后利用所提出算法之间的冗余性和互补性,融合多种分割结果以解决缺陷误检与漏检之间的矛盾。试验结果表明,所提出的缺陷自动检测方法能够在满足实时性要求的同时,实现缺陷检出,有效避免误检。     

X 射线衍射全谱拟合定量分析方法研究

利用X射线衍射仪对不同配比的Si和TiO2样品进行分析,通过三种定量分析方法(峰高法、积分强度法、全谱结构拟合法)进行计算,并进行误差分析。结果表明:三种定量分析方法中,全谱结构拟合法最优,相对误差为±2%(n=3),误差最小。X射线衍射全谱拟合法是一种精确,快速的定量方法。     

ZrB2 -SiC 超高温陶瓷的定量分析

利用XRD对超高温陶瓷粉进行分析,从衍射谱图能得到各物相组成为ZrB2 SiC、ZrO2,并且采用全谱拟合法对各物相进行定量计算.结果显示,定量分析结果的绝对误差小于2％,全谱拟合分析方法能准确地对超高温陶瓷的物相进行定量分析.     

敏捷成像卫星多星密集任务调度方法

 面向应急观测需求,对敏捷成像卫星多星密集点目标观测任务调度问题进行研究。针对敏捷成像卫星观测特点,综合考虑卫星可观测时间窗口、任务间卫星姿态调整时间、卫星最长连续工作时间、星上存储容量、卫星能量等约束,建立多星任务调度模型。提出了一种改进的蚁群优化(ACO)算法对调度模型进行求解。该算法借鉴了蚁群系统(ACS)和最大最小蚂蚁系统(MMAS)的思想,结合调度相关约束设计寻优策略和信息素更新策略。引入任务优先级、最早及最晚可观测时间等因素来控制转移概率。仿真结果验证了模型和算法的有效性。     

适用于非合作发射源的合成孔径雷达无源成像方法

 合成孔径雷达(SAR)具有突出的高分辨率成像能力,在民用和军用领域体现出重要的应用价值。在复杂的作战环境中,提高SAR的电子对抗性能成为SAR技术发展考虑的重要方面。提出一种新的SAR无源成像方法,该成像方法将单部机载SAR接收机或多部机载SAR接收机在不同位置处接收到的回波信号相关,对相关后的信号采用滤波反投影方法进行成像,可重建场景的辐射率。该成像方法不需要已知发射源的波形和位置信息,适用于非合作发射源,具有良好的电子对抗性,并且适用于任意载机飞行轨迹、多基SAR等情形。仿真验证以双基情形为例,验证了该SAR无源成像方法的有效性,并分析了影响成像质量的各关键因素。     

Defect Recognition in Thermosonic Imaging

This work is aimed at developing an effective method for defect recognition in thermosonic imaging.The heat mechanism of thermosonic imaging is introduced,and the problem for defect recognition is discussed.For this purpose,defect existing in the inner wall of a metal pipeline specimen and defects embedded in a carbon fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP) laminate are tested.The experimental data are processed by pulse phase thermography(PPT) method to show the phase images at different frequencies,and the characteristic of phase angle vs frequency curve of thermal anomalies and sound area is analyzed.A binary image,which is based on the characteristic value of defects,is obtained by a new recognition algorithm to show the defects.Results demonstrate good defect recognition performance for thermosonic imaging,and the reliability of this technique can be improved by the method.     

X-ray spectroscopy and variability of AGN detected in the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North Survey

We investigate the nature of the faint X-ray source population through X-ray spectroscopy and variability analyses of 136 active galactic nuclei (AGN) detected in the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North Survey with >200 background-subtracted 0.5–8.0 keV counts [F_{0.5–8.0 keV} = (1.4−200) × 10⁻¹⁵ erg cm⁻² s⁻¹]. Our preliminary spectral analyses yield median spectral parameters of Γ = 1.61 and intrinsic N_H = 6.2 × 10²¹ cm⁻² (z = 1 assumed when no redshift available) when the AGN spectra are fitted with a simple absorbed power-law model. However, considerable spectral complexity is apparent (e.g., reflection, partial covering) and must be taken into account to model the data accurately. Moreover, the choice of spectral model (i.e., free vs. fixed photon index) has a pronounced effect on the derived JVH distribution and, to a lesser extent, the X-ray luminosity distribution. We also find that among the 136 AGN, 10 (≈7%) show significant Fe K emission-line features with equivalent widths in the range 0.1–1.3 keV. Two of these emission-line AGN could potentially be Compton thick (i.e., Γ < 1.0 and large Fe K equivalent width). Finally, we find that 81 (≈60%) of the 136 AGN show signs of variability, and that this fraction increases significantly (≈80–90%) when better photon statistics are available.     

High resolution spectroscopy of X-ray emission from high mass X-ray binaries

This article briefly reviews first the progress of spectroscopy in X-ray astronomy from proportional counters, a major instrument in early phase of X-ray astronomy, to gas scintillation proportional counters, X-ray CCD cameras, transmission and reflection gratings, and finally to X-ray micro-calorimeters. As a typical example of spectral features observed from high mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs), the spectra observed from Vela X-1 with Chandra grating spectrometers are then presented and compared with computer simulations for high mass binary systems.     

南丹铁陨石微量元素的微区分布特征

本文用同步辐射X荧光微区扫描法(SRXRFMS)研究了南丹铁陨石中微量元素的微区分布特征。讨论了南丹铁陨石的分类、起源及演化等基本问题。指出南丹铁陨石似分为IAB群较合理,它可能是由具有球粒陨石组成的母源物质受冲击、经局部熔融而形成。