An icy mineralogy package (IMP) for in-situ studies of Titan’s surface

We describe the scientific case for and preliminary design of an instrument whose primary goal is to determine the chemistry (element abundance) and mineralogy (compound identity and abundance) of Titan’s surface using a combination of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD is capable of identifying any crystalline substance present on Titan’s surface at relative abundances greater than ∼1 wt%, allowing unambiguous identification of, for example, structure I and II clathrates (even in the presence of ice), and various organic solids, which may include C₂H₂, C₂H₄, C₄H₂, HCN, CH₃CN, HC₃N, and C₄N₂). The XRF component of the instrument will obtain elemental abundances for 16 < Z < 60 with minimum detection limits better than 10 ppm (including detection of atmospheric noble gas isotopes), and may achieve detection limits of 0.01–1% for lighter elements down to Z = 6 (carbon). The instrument is well suited to integration with other analytical tools as part of a light-weight surface chemistry and mineralogy package. Although considerably less sensitive to elemental abundance than GC–MS (10⁻² vs. 10⁻⁸) it is likely to be significantly lighter (<0.5 kg vs. 10 kg).     

X射线脉冲星导航在行星际轨道上的应用

X射线脉冲星导航技术被认为是新一代导航技术,非常适合于行星际探测.深入分析了利用搜索空间方法求解飞行器真实位置和估计位置相位差的脉冲整周期模糊数,解决了相位导航方法存在的周期模糊数问题.利用轨道动力学模型估计飞行器的位置,并以真实位置和估计位置上的脉冲相位之差作为反馈进行偏差校正.仿真表明,X射线脉冲星导航方法在行星际轨道上是可行和高效的.     

基于FPGA+DSP的X射线脉冲星导航原理样机的设计与实现

为了验证X射线脉冲星导航算法在星载计算机环境下的实时性和适用性,设计了基于FPGA+DSP架构的X射线脉冲星导航原理样机,导航原理样机中的FPGA用于系统的逻辑控制以及光子数据的存储;DSP则用于将接收到的光子数据进行转换、脉冲折叠、脉冲数据互相关处理、数据插值以及最小二乘滤波等算法。最后搭建了X射线脉冲星导航地面半物理仿真系统,系统以光子到达时间残差作为观测量,结合卫星轨道动力学模型,基于滤波算法实现航天器的导航定位。仿真结果表明,导航位置误差优于10 km,速度误差优于1 km/s。     

一种新的太阳质子事件警报方法的探讨

本文分析了第21太阳活动周后半期的太阳质子耀斑硬X射线辐射资料, 发现它们的峰值流量、积分流量、上升沿斜率、X光子的最高能量和持续时间等物理参数之间有着不同于非质子耀斑的相关性。据此, 本文采用模糊聚类分析法, 对21太阳活动周期间(1980.2—1986.2)的质子事件进行预报试验。其报准率为88.5%, 虚报率为53.1%, 漏报率为11.5%。本文提供了基于X射线辐射特征的太阳质子事件警报的新途径和方法。      

电子加速器在大型工业CT中的应用研究

以大型工业CT 检测系统中的电子加速器 X 射线源为研究对象,分析了驻波电子加速器在大型工业 CT 应用中遇到的能量选择、张角的大小、能量空间分布问题;并从理论上分析研究了高能 X 射线在探测器之间的相互窜扰的影响,给出了高能 X 射线窜扰的校正方法。     

太阳X射线耀斑特征参数预报方法研究

太阳耀斑是重要的空间天气事件, 有关太阳耀斑参数的预报对于电离层突然骚扰(SID)影响的评估具有实用意义. 本文采用GOES-8卫星上第23太阳周软X射线通量的数据, 通过数值拟合的方法对X级耀斑强度的峰值以及X级耀斑的结束时间进行预测. 利用这种方法对第23太阳周中的X级耀斑进行分析, 最多可以提前17min预测出X级耀斑的峰值, 在预测X级耀斑结束时间时, 预测的X级耀斑结束时间最多可以提前60min左右, 从预报结果来看, 预报方法具有一定的有效性和实用性.      

X射线脉冲星动态信号处理方法研究

X射线脉冲星导航是一种基于X射线脉冲星观测的新型天文自主导航方法,脉冲星在轨动态信号处理技术一直是脉冲星导航的难点和重点,特别是低轨高动态条件下的信号处理比高轨低动态情况更加困难。针对动态信号处理中实测数据信噪比偏低的问题,提出了一种适用于低轨高动态情况的脉冲星动态信号处理方法,并对其原理进行了分析,建立了相关数学模型,并使用HXMT卫星和XPNAV-1卫星的实测数据验证了算法性能,实验结果表明:该方法有效提高了导航观测量处理精度。     

Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) on-board Chandrayaan-2 rover

Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) payload configuration for Chandrayaan-2 rover has been completed recently and fabrication of mechanical assembly, PCB layout design and fabrication are in progress. Here we present the design and performance evaluation of various subsystems developed for APXS payload. The low energy threshold of <1 keV and the energy resolution of ∼150 eV at 5.9 keV, for the Silicon Drift Detector (SDD), as measured from the developed APXS electronics is comparable to the standard spectrometers available off-the-shelf. We have also carried out experiments for measuring fluorescent X-ray spectrum from various standard samples from the USGS catalog irradiated by the laboratory X-ray source ²⁴¹Am with 1 mCi activity. It is shown that intensities of various characteristic X-ray lines are well correlated with the respective elemental concentrations.     

Sensing the Earth’s low ionosphere during solar flares using VLF signals and goes solar X-ray data

An analysis of D-region electron density height profile variations, induced by four isolated solar X-ray flares during period from September 2005 to December 2006, based on the amplitude and the phase delay perturbation of 22.1 kHz signal trace from Skelton (54.72 N, 2.88 W) to Belgrade (44.85 N, 20.38 E), coded GQD, was carried out. Solar flare data were taken from NOAA GOES12 satellite one-minute listings. For VLF data acquisition and recordings at the Institute of Physics, Belgrade, Serbia, the AbsPAL system was used. Starting from LWPCv21 code (Ferguson, 1998), the variations of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide characteristic parameters, sharpness and reflection height, were estimated during the flare conditions. It was found that solar flare events affected the VLF wave propagation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide by changing the lower ionosphere electron density height profile, in a different way, for different solar flare events.     

一种新的脉冲星累积脉冲轮廓时间延迟测量算法

为提高X射线脉冲星导航系统中累积脉冲轮廓的时间延迟测量精度,分析了X射线脉冲星累积脉冲轮廓的特点和现有时延测量算法的缺陷,提出了一种粗略估计和精确测最相结合的时间延迟测量算法.该算法首先利用三阶互小波累积量进行粗略估计,可抑制尺度伸缩和噪声的影响;然后通过抛物面内插法精确测量时间延迟,避免了小步长的迭代运算,可大幅度降低算法的运算量.利用美国罗希(Rossi)X射线时变探测卫星的实测脉冲星数据进行实验,结果表明:该算法可屏蔽由多普勒效应和相位间隔长度的不同引起的尺度伸缩,能够抑制噪声,测量误差小于现有算法;当相位间隔为0.9°时,该算法的测量精度达到最高;该算法运算量小,不足现有算法的10%,适用于X射线脉冲星导航系统.