Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM) on-board Chandrayaan-2 orbiter

The remote X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful technique to investigate the elemental abundances in the atmosphere-less planetary bodies. The experiment involves measuring spectra of fluorescent X-rays from lunar surface using a low energy X-ray detector onboard an orbiting satellite. Since the flux of fluorescent X-ray lines critically depend on the flux and spectrum of the incident solar X-rays, it is essential to have simultaneous and accurate measurement of X-ray from both Moon and Sun. In the context of Moon, this technique has been employed since early days of space exploration to determine elemental composition of lunar surface. However, so far it has not been possible to exploit it to its full potential due to various reasons. Therefore it is planned to continue the remote X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy experiment on-board Chandrayaan-2 which includes both lunar X-ray observations and solar X-ray observations as two separate payloads. The lunar X-ray observations will be carried out by Chandra Large Area Soft x-ray Spectrometer (CLASS) experiment; whereas the solar X-ray observations will be carried out by a separate payload, Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM). Here we present the overall design of the XSM instrument, the present development status as well as preliminary results of the laboratory model testing. XSM instrument will have two packages namely – XSM sensor package and XSM electronics package. XSM will accurately measure spectrum of Solar X-rays in the energy range of 1–15 keV with energy resolution ∼200 eV @ 5.9 keV. This will be achieved by using state-of-the-art Silicon Drift Detector (SDD), which has a unique capability of maintaining high energy resolution at very high incident count rate expected from Solar X-rays. XSM onboard Chandrayaan-2 will be the first experiment to use such detector for Solar X-ray monitoring.     

脉冲星导航中最优脉冲星组合选取方法

分析了X射线脉冲星导航原理,发现脉冲星的位置和脉冲到达时间(Time of Arrival,TOA)的测量误差直接影响导航精度.为优选导航脉冲星组合,在误差协方差分析的基础上,提出了一种导航脉冲星组合优选方法.该方法分别定义了优选指标位置精度因子(Positioning Dilution of Precision,PDOP)和脉冲星优选指标(Pulsars Select Criteria,PSC),不仅考虑了脉冲星空间位置分布,还考虑了测量噪声差异对导航误差的影响.最后以25颗信号品质较好的脉冲星为例,仿真验证了所提方法的有效性.     

不同工件超光滑表面残余应力的测试研究

通过对玻璃、陶瓷、金属3个试件进行超精密加工,使试件表面粗糙度达到纳米级,采用非破坏性的X射线衍射sin2ψ法测量原理对不同试件的残余应力进行了测试研究。结果表明:在本试验条件下,3个试件都只存在残余压应力,并且陶瓷的残余压应力最大,金属残余压应力最小。     

X射线脉冲星自主导航的卫星运动方程

基于X射线脉冲星的卫星自主导航模型中, 无论从理论上还是从测量精度方面考虑, 光子到达时间测量方程(观测方程)和卫星运动方程(状态方程)应在同一参考系中讨论. 在DSX体系中太阳系质心系是惯性系, 可以使用现行时间测量方程, 但卫星摄动加速度中除了地球多极矩、日月引力摄动和太阳光压三项外, 还应考虑相对论修正项, 计算表明该修正项导致卫星位置误差在10m量级. 而地心系是非惯性系, 在此系中卫星运动方程中的相对论效应导致卫星误差在10 cm量级, 因而可以忽略, 但要将BCRS的时间测量方程转换到GCRS中. 在此基础上建立的导航模型较为精确和完整.     

Status of the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope Project

The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) is China's first X-ray (1-250 keV) astronomical satellite officially approved in 2011. It will scan the Galactic plane to detect new transient sources and do pointed observations of X-ray sources to study their spectra and multiwavelength temporal properties. Now the flight model of the satellite is in the final testing stage, and the expected launch date is in late 2016.     

焊缝射线检测智能化评定系统研制

目前X射线检测存在检测底片难于长时间保存、对操作人员依赖性强等不足,底片检测信息处理智能化水平较低。随着搅拌摩擦焊、激光焊等新方法的应用,制造业数字化车间的建设,对缺陷检测、质量检测信息的有效保存、处理也提出了更高的要求。为解决轨道车辆车体焊接结构内部缺陷检测可视化、自动化的需求,研发高质量的X射线检测底片扫描技术、先进的信息处理技术,开发X射线检测底片的数字化及自动化评定技术,实现底片有效信息的无损数字化,底片缺陷自动搜寻、测量与分类,研发国内首套高速列车射线底片智能化评定系统,提升X射线检测技术的信息化、自动化水平,实现底片自动化评定。相关技术可向航空航天产品进行推广。     

浅谈陶瓷基复合材料无损检测方法及其进展

陶瓷基复合材料由于其具有耐高温、密度低、抗氧化性好等多种优良特性目前已广泛地应用于航空航天领域。采用无损检测方法对陶瓷基复合材料进行相关检测对保证材料产品质量以及提高产品使用的可靠性等都具有重要意义。综述了陶瓷基复合材料无损检测发展现状,阐述了太赫兹、X射线、工业CT、红外热成像、超声波及声发射技术等常用陶瓷基复合材料检测手段的原理并介绍了其在陶瓷基复合材料无损检测方面的应用实例。     

应用BP神经网络针对高通量质子事件的通量数值预报

质子事件的爆发与太阳软X射线辐射有着很强的相关性,利用GOES卫星的1～8 (A)波段和0.5～4 (A)波段的软X射线数据,选取一些特征参量验证该相关性并应用到质子事件短期预报中.在当前质子事件传输物理机制不完全明确的情况下,在现有的预报质子事件有无的模型基础上,利用BP神经网络,根据软X射线通量水平等预测事件质子峰值通量水平,再对训练后的网络进行检验,检验预测所得结果与实际探测值误差小于一个量级,具备一定实用意义.      

基于脉冲星的日地系平动点轨道自主导航研究

给出一种利用X射线脉冲星的平动点轨道自主导航算法. 分析了X射线脉冲星导航原理, 以脉冲到达时间差值为基本观测量, 建立导航系统观测方程. 在高精度星历模型下, 对日地系L₁点Halo轨道建立数学模型, 利用基于UD分解的无迹卡尔曼滤波方法进行导航定位, 并研究了摄动因素对导航结果的影响. 仿真结果表明, 在日地系平动点轨道的自主导航中, X射线脉冲星导航是可行的.     

Progress Report on Insight-HXMT: China's First X-ray Astronomy Satellite

Insight-HXMT is China's first X-ray astronomy satellite. It was launched on 15 June 2017 and is currently in service smoothly. Insight-HXMT has been used to scan the Galactic plane repeatedly, making pointing observations to neutron stars and black holes, and monitor the whole sky continuously in the MeV band. Insight-HXMT is also very flexible in making ToO observations, with the response time from about 3 hours to within a day. So far more than 50 refereed publications have been made with data from its observations; many more publications have used the data or results of Insight-HXMT one way or another. The scientific impacts of Insight-HXMT have been growing rapidly since launch. We expect Insight-HXMT to continue to operate for several more years.