航空发动机高能X射线测试系统

综合介绍了高能X射线测试系统在航空发动机试验中的作用和基本组成以及国内外高能X射线测试技术开发应用情况。     

电弧加热射流O2激光诱导荧光技术温度测量

采用ArF准分子激光器作为激发光源来激励O2-Schumann-Runge带系(B3Σ-u←X3Σ-g)193.3nm附近的转动吸收谱线,用紫外光电倍增管探测该带系256nm附近的荧光信号,建立了ArF准分子激光器O2激光诱导荧光流场测试系统.在建立O2单带测温模型和软件的基础上,利用Schumann-Runge带系(10,2)带的荧光信号、测量了氧氩混合电弧加热射流的径向温度分布.结果表明我们建立的ArF准分子激光器O2-LIF测试系统是成功的.     

Regolith effects in planetary X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy: Laboratory studies at 1.7–6.4 keV

Laboratory measurements are presented to study the effects of the physical properties of regolith on planetary soft X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Two laboratory setups are used to independently measure these regolith effects using lunar regolith analog samples with three different particle-size ranges. Discussion is given on the data analysis. Some of the data may be valid only for qualitative conclusions. Analytical modelling is used to separate the effects expected for a plane-parallel and homogeneous medium from those of measured regolith analogs. The surface roughness and porosity of the regolith are observed to induce an enhancement of the higher-energy part of the spectrum as a function of the incidence angle. The enhancement is larger for rougher surfaces. A brief discussion is given on the relevance of this study for future planetary missions carrying soft X-ray spectrometers.     

固体火箭发动机内部缺陷高分辨率检测

针对固体火箭发动机的特点，对工业CT成像结果数据处理方法进行了有效的改进，采用S－L滤波函数进行滤波修正，建立图像重建算法，对同种材料物体通过锐化边缘提高缺陷的空间分辨率；对密度差别较大的不同材料，采用不同的滤波函数分别处理，得到清晰的图像后再叠加成完整的图像，方法简单可行，实现了固体火箭发动机内部缺陷高清晰度的检测。     

煤炭中硫分的快速测量系统

针对能量色散X荧光(Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence,EDXRF)分析技术应用于煤炭中硫分快速测量过程中存在的基体效应和边缘效应干扰问题,采用蒙特卡罗计算程序Electron-Gamma Shower(EGS)模拟了在不同管电压、不同样品直径、厚度以及不同硫元素浓度条件下的X荧光强度。结果表明,合适的X光管的管电压为15　kV,样 品的临界直径和厚度分别大于1.04　cm和0.05　cm。根据模拟结果,通过实验得到X荧光强度与硫元素浓度的关系曲线,实验结果经过探测效率修正后与EGS模拟结果符合良好,为后续的煤炭中硫分在线快速分析系统的设计和实施提供了有力的技术支撑。     

某型航空发动机用离心喷嘴燃油空间分布特性试验

建立了平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)用于燃油分布特性测量的试验装置及其校正方法,并验证了校正方法的有效性.PLIF和平面激光散射(PLS)方法的燃油分布特性测量结果表明PLS方法对直径小于50μm的液滴存在非线性效应使小液滴集中区燃油分布测量结果偏大,PLIF方法适合燃油分布特性测量.利用PLIF方法从喷雾锥角、燃油周向分布不均匀度和分布指数等方面综合评价燃油空间分布特性.偏心和尺寸大小不等的凹槽等分布不均匀的表现形式表明:造成燃油分布不均匀的因素包括喷嘴内部通道表面粗糙度、喷射孔圆度和零件之间的同轴度.利用PLIF方法研究雾锥在供油压差分别为0.14,0.25,2.5MPa时雾锥沿喷射方向的发展过程,液滴随雾锥发展逐渐从环形集中区分散到整个雾锥横截面,并且液滴分散过程随供油压差增加而加快.      

表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)对核酸-Tb3+体系荧光性质的影响

研究了 SDS对核酸 -Tb3+体系荧光性质的影响。实验结果表明 ,RNA可以直接与 Tb3+ 反应产生荧光 ,而DNA只能在变性后才能与 Tb3+ 反应。SDS存在下 ,DNA与 RNA体系荧光强度分别增加 4.0和 3 .5倍。     

Hard X-ray continuum from lunar surface: Results from High Energy X-ray spectrometer (HEX) onboard Chandrayaan-1

The High Energy X-ray spectrometer (HEX) on Chandrayaan-1 was designed to study the photon emission in the range of 30–270 keV from naturally occurring radioactive decay of ²³⁸U and ²³²Th series nuclides from the lunar surface. The primary objective of HEX was to study the transport of volatiles on the lunar surface using radon as a tracer and mapping the 46.5 keV line from ²¹⁰Pb, a decay product of ²²²Rn. HEX was tested for two days during the commissioning phase of Chandrayaan-1 and performance of all sub systems was found to be as expected. HEX started collecting science data during the first non-prime imaging season (February–April, 2009) of Chandrayaan-1. Certain anomalies persisted in this data set and the early curtailment of Chandrayaan-1 mission in August, 2009, did not allow any further operation of HEX. Despite these issues, HEX provided the first data set for 30–270 keV continuum emission, averaged over a significant portion of the lunar surface, including the polar region.     

试验设备检漏技术

以中国3200m^3大型空间环境模拟器为基础论述了环模试验设备的检漏技术，目的是为大型试验设备的检漏提供一些有益的思路和方法。文章重点分析了氦质谱检漏仪法，并从理论和实践的基础上对其最小可检灵敏度进行了分析。最后文章对环模试验设备的总体检漏方案进行了论述。