FIP Effect in the Solar Upper Atmosphere: Spectroscopic Results

Recent spectroscopic measurements from instruments on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) find that the coronal composition above a polar coronal hole is nearly photospheric. However, similar SOHO observations show that in coronal plasmas above quiet equatorial regions low-FIP elements are enhanced by a factor of ≈ 4. In addition, the process of elemental settling in coronal plasmas high above the solar surface was shown to exist. Measurements by the Ulysses spacecraft, which are based on non-spectroscopic particle counting techniques, show that, with the exception of He, the elemental composition of the fast speed solar wind is similar to within a factor of 1.5 to the composition of the photosphere. In contrast, similar measurements in the slow speed wind show that elements with low first ionization potential (FIP < 10 eV) are enhanced, relative to the photosphere, by a factor of 4-5. By combining the SOHO and Ulysses results, ideas related to the origin of the slow speed solar wind are presented. Using spectroscopic measurements by the Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) instrument on SOHO the photospheric abundance of He was determined as 8.5 ± 1.3% (Y = 0.248). This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

风洞自由飞实验结果的精度、准度

风洞自由飞实验是一项特殊的地面风洞实验,用风洞自由飞实验研究了飞行 马赫数M0.6～6.0飞行海拔高度最高达45公里范围内多个飞行器的动态气动特性。因而首 先需回答风洞自由飞实验结果的精确度、可靠性。坚持用天（飞行）——地（地面风洞 自由飞实验）一致作为评定实验结果准度、可信度最重要最终的考核 标准 。〖JP〗     

实际进口条件下超声速燃烧室全流场研究

针对自行设计的超燃冲压发动机进气道/隔离段+燃烧室一体化模型,进行了燃烧室实际超声速来流条件下的冷态全流场试验研究与数值模拟,获得了模型在不同来流总压和燃烧室出口反压下的流场结构及沿程静压力分布。试验真实模拟了冷流条件下燃烧室实际的进口环境,结果表明:当燃烧室反压系数较低时,激波串在燃烧室扩张段附近形成;当燃烧室反压系数较高时,激波串在燃烧室进口处形成,并且由于凹槽的影响,激波串向燃烧室上壁面偏斜。     

加强过程控制提高风洞实验质量

结合风洞实验的过程控制,概述了过程方法的内涵、风洞实验过程的三个阶段、风洞实验过程控制的要点以及实施规范化管理和落实岗位责任制的看法和建议。     

Directional Filtering Due to Mesospheric Wind Shear on the Propagation of Acoustic-gravity Waves

Gravity waves with periods close to the Brunt-V?is?l? period of the upper troposphere are often observed at mesopause altitudes as short period, quasi-monochromatic waves. The assumption that these short period waves originate in the troposphere may be problematic because their upward propagation to the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region could be significantly impeded due to an extended region of strong evanescence above the stratopause. To reconcile this apparent paradox, an alternative explanation is proposed in this paper. The inclusion of mean winds and their vertical shears is sufficient to allow certain short period waves to remain internal above the stratopause and to propagate efficiently to higher altitudes. A time-dependent numerical model is used to demonstrate the feasibility of this and to determine the circumstances under which the mesospheric wind shears play a role in the removal and directional filtering of short period gravity waves. Finally this paper concludes that the combination of the height-dependent mean winds and the mean temperature structure probably explains the existence of short period, quasi-monochromatic structures observed in airglow images of mesopause region.      

Experimental and computational investigation of hybrid formation flight for aerodynamic gain at transonic speed

The influence of the wing-tip vortex of leading aircraft on energy savings, quantified by formation aerodynamic force fraction of the following aircraft, is studied at transonic speed for a matrix of leading aircraft’s vortex locations. The research model adopts the hybrid formation of medium and large aircraft. The leading aircraft is scaled by 2.1%, and the following aircraft is scaled by 1.4%. An aerodynamic benefit “map” is developed to determine the optimum location of the following aircraft relative to the leading aircraft wake and to compare with experimental results, thus validating the use of CFD for the formation flight at cruising speed. The response surface model of aerodynamic gain effect relative to formation parameters is established via numerical calculation and wind tunnel test. The optimal formation parameters and the setting criteria of the study model are optimized. Results show that the wing-tip vortex of large aircraft significantly increases lift and reduces drag on the medium-sized aircraft following it. Reduced drag slightly increases with the flow direction position. With the increase of flow direction distance, the peak area moves from 15% of wing-tip overlap to 20% of overlap. In addition, the maximum drag decreases about 16%, and the maximum lift increases about 12%. The lift drag ratio of the optimal position is increased by 27%, which is twice as large as that of the same scale ratio aircraft formation. Results show that the increase of lift is mainly caused by the increase of suction peak and suction range.     

基于ArcGIS的风螺旋线自动精确绘制算法研究

风螺旋线在飞行程序转弯保护区绘制时经常出现,然而手工绘制不仅繁琐而且精确度也不高。本文根据国际民航组织Doc8168文件的相关规定,基于ArcGIS编程实现了风螺旋线的精确自动绘制,并进行了正确性验证,这为飞行程序计算机辅助实现提供了一种行之有效的实现思路。     

矩形截面高超声速进气道高焓风洞实验

对设计工作马赫数为4.5~6.5的矩形截面高超声速进气道进行了马赫数为6,5及4的高焓风洞实验研究,获得了进气道在不同反压下的性能参数及沿程静压分布.实验结果显示,设计状态下(Ma=6,α=0°),进气道的流量系数和总压恢复系数分别为0.97和0.41,增压比约为来流静压的35倍,隔离段出口马赫数不大于2.6;最大承受反压不小于来流静压的114.5倍.研究还发现,反压升高引起的激波串可停留在内压段,且不影响进气道的流量捕获;当Ma=5,α=0°时,进气道的流量系数不低于0.77,总压恢复系数在0.49~0.67之间.设计工作马赫数及攻角范围内,进气道内未发现明显的流动分离,均可正常起动工作.      

系留悬浮式风力发电技术的研究进展与展望

风力发电作为清洁能源利用的重要方式,具有无污染、可再生、方便采集等特点,近年来得到快速发展。相对于传统低空风力发电,系留悬浮式风力发电具有容量系数高、发电成本低等优点,拥有更大的开发价值和发展潜力,已有多个国家开展研究并取得一定成果。本文通过对系留悬浮式风力发电技术发展的调研,归纳四种系留悬浮式风力发电技术类型,分析各技术类型的工作原理与特点,总结未来系留悬浮式风力发电需要重点突破的轻质高强系留缆绳设计与制造、高性能囊体复合材料、稳定与智能控制、高效风力发电飞行平台总体设计、便利展开部署五种关键技术,为后续研究提供参考。     

旋成体模型仪器舱脉动压力空间相关特性研究

为揭示跨声速阶段仪器舱附近脉动压力的空间相关特性,以某旋成体模型为研究对象,基于风洞试验获取了仪器舱附近脉动压力载荷分布规律,计算了测点间的脉动压力空间相关系数。通过曲线拟合与归一化处理,获得了模型仪器舱脉动压力空间相关特性曲线,并研究了攻角、马赫数与雷诺数对空间相关性的影响。结果表明,该模型仪器舱脉动压力空间相关特性具有波动与衰减的特点,随着流动复杂程度的增加,其相关性逐渐降低。同时,在跨声速范围内,该模型仪器舱脉动压力空间相关特性对马赫数以及较高的雷诺数比较敏感。对脉动压力空间相关特性的研究,为飞行器结构响应分析以及载荷环境预示提供了支撑。