地效翼风洞试验支架干扰数值分析

对地效翼移动地面风洞试验研究中的支架干扰进行了数值模拟和分析。分别对独立地效翼,带支架的地效翼及独立支架进行了数值模拟,计算采用可实现的κ-ε模型,通过求解定常不可压N-S方程,得出地效翼及支架周围流场分布情况。对几组计算结果比较分析了支架和地效翼的空气动力及由于干扰引起的空气动力,发现支架与地效翼之间的相互干扰随着地效翼迎角的增大而增强,如果忽略流动干扰造成的空气动力变化,地效翼升力误差很小,但阻力误差相对较大。同时对有干扰下和没有干扰下的流场进行了对比,分析了支架对翼尖涡流动及绕机翼流动的干扰。翼尖涡在地效翼翼尖附近的发展在0．5犮范围内基本不受支架的干扰;除支架对流场产生干扰外,移动带区域以外的固定地面附近粘性流动也对绕地效翼流动有一定的影响。本研究分析了风洞试验结果的可靠性,为地效翼风洞试验优化设计和地面效应风洞试验研究提供了参考。     

考虑地面效应的翼型动态特性数值模拟

为了研究考虑地面干扰的飞行器非定常气动特性,基于滑移网格技术,通过求解二维非定常Euler方程,对不同近地高度下的NACA0012翼型的动态振动特性进行了数值模拟。分析了存在地面干扰时的升力系数以及俯仰力矩系数迟滞环变化,并结合强迫振动法,计算了翼型各个近地高度下的纵向组合动导数。结果表明,地面效应不仅对定常流场产生影响,更显著地影响了非定常气动力及力矩,近地高度越小,这种效应越明显,使得升力系数的迟滞环面积变小,幅值减小,而俯仰力矩系数的迟滞环变化不规律,力矩系数的动导数随着近地高度减小而增大(绝对值减小),纵向的动态稳定性产生损失。地面效应干扰在飞行器非定常气动研究中应该引起重视。     

光纤陀螺磁屏蔽效能仿真及实验研究

光纤陀螺处于磁场环境中会产生漂移,降低了光纤陀螺精度。光纤陀螺的磁场敏感性制约了其在高精度导航领域的应用。本文建立了光纤陀螺三维磁屏蔽仿真模型,给出了光纤陀螺磁屏蔽效能与磁屏蔽结构参数之间的关系并得到实验验证,为光纤陀螺磁屏蔽设计提供了依据。     

飞机油箱水锤效应研究方法及进展

油箱是飞机生存力研究中的关键部件,水锤效应是油箱的主要破坏方式之一。综述了国内外在水锤效应研究方面的三种不同方法,发现试验方法简单直接,却易受试验条件限制;理论分析方法由于引入过多的假设,适用范围有限;数值模拟方法操作简单,参数可控,但其准确性受材料本构参数的影响。单一地使用一种方法不能解决飞机油箱的水锤效应问题。本文在总结前人研究水锤效应的基础上,指出只有结合使用三种方法才能真正解决水锤效应问题,从而设计高生存力的油箱。     

化学平衡效应对冲压燃烧室性能潜力与工作过程关系的影响分析

为了研究化学平衡效应对冲压发动机燃烧室性能潜力以及工作过程关系的影响,分析了考虑和不考虑化学平衡效应的准一维分析方法获得的三种典型冲压燃烧室工作过程与性能潜力的差别。研究结果表明,化学平衡效应减小了燃料的燃烧效率、燃烧室所需扩张比以及比冲,改变了高飞行马赫数下燃烧室扩张比与性能的对应关系;不考虑化学平衡效应时,亚声速燃烧室的最大比冲略优于双模态燃烧室,亚声速燃烧室和双模态燃烧室的最大比冲都出现在特征马赫数最小时;当考虑化学平衡效应时,双模态燃烧室的最大比冲略优于亚声速燃烧室,亚声速燃烧室的最大比冲出现在特征马赫数1时,双模态燃烧室的最大比冲在飞行马赫数4,5,6,7时分别出现在特征马赫数0.3,0.4,0.7和1.5附近;在高飞行马赫数时,应研究确切的化学反应过程,以确切协调燃烧室设计关系。      

Longitudinal variations of the ionospheric trough position

For the first time a comprehensive pattern of the longitudinal effect of the ionospheric trough position was obtained. We present new results with longitudinal variations of the winter trough position as a function of geomagnetic latitude for both hemispheres and conditions of high and low solar activity and all local time hours. We used a large observational data set obtained onboard the Kosmos-900, Interkosmos-19 and CHAMP satellites for quiet geomagnetic conditions. We found that a magnitude of the trough position longitudinal effect averaged for a fixed local time is greater in the daytime (6–8°) than in the nighttime (3–5°). The longitudinal effect magnitude reaches its maximum (16°) in the morning (at 08 LT) in the Southern hemisphere at high solar activity. But on certain days at any solar activity the longitudinal effect magnitude can reach 9–10° even at night. The shape of the longitudinal effect was found to differ significantly in two hemispheres. In the Northern hemisphere the trough is usually closest to the pole in the eastern (American) longitudinal sector, and in the Southern hemisphere the trough is closest in the western (Eurasian) longitudinal sector. The magnitude and shape of the longitudinal effect is also different during low and high solar activity. The Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, and Protonosphere (GSM TIP) simulations demonstrate that during low solar activity, the longitudinal variations of the daytime trough position is mainly determined by longitudinal variations of the ionization function, formed due to the longitudinal variations in the solar zenith angle and the atomic oxygen density distribution. The longitudinal variations of the nighttime trough position is formed by the longitudinal variations in ionization of precipitating auroral particles, neutral atmosphere composition, and electric field.     

Evaluation of thermal effects on temperature-sensitive operating force of flow servo valve for fuel metering unit

The temperature-induced variation in operating force of flow control valves may result in performance degradation or even jam faults of fuel metering unit (FMU), which significantly affects the safety of aircrafts. In this work, an analytical modeling approach of temperature-sensitive operating-force of servo valve is proposed to investigate the temperature characteristics in varying temperature conditions. Considering the temperature effects, a new extended model of flow force is built and an analytical model of valve friction is also derived theoretically based on the dynamic clearance induced by thermal effects. The extremum condition of friction is obtained to analyze the characteristic-temperature points where jam faults occur easily. The numerical results show that flow force increases firstly and then decreases as temperature increases under a constant valve opening. The maximum friction of flow servo valve can be uniquely determined when the structural parameters and ambient temperature are given. The worst situation just happens at the characteristic-temperature points, which are linearly related to the axial temperature gradients of valve spool. Such evaluations may give an explanation for the temperature-induced jam faults of vulnerable valves and provide a reference for designers to determine a suitable working-temperature range of valves in practice.     

The YORP effect on the GOES 8 and GOES 10 satellites: A case study

The Yarkovsky-O’Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect is a proposed explanation for the observed rotation behavior of inactive satellites in Earth orbit. This paper further explores the YORP effect for highly asymmetric inactive satellites. Satellite models are developed to represent the GOES 8 and GOES 10 satellites, both of which are currently inactive in geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO). A simple satellite model for the GOES 8 satellite is used to analyze the short period variations of the angular velocity and obliquity as a result of the YORP effect. A more complex model for the rotational dynamics of the GOES 8 and GOES 10 satellites are developed to probe their sensitivity and to match observed spin periods and states of these satellites. The simulated rotation periods are compared to observations for both satellites. The comparison between YORP theory and observed rotation rates for both satellites show that the YORP effect could be the cause for the observed rotational behavior. The YORP model also predicts a novel state for the GOES 8 satellite, namely that it could periodically fall into a tumbling rotation state. Recent observations of this satellite are consistent with this prediction.     

Multiphysics simulation method of Lamb wavepropagation with piezoelectric transducers under load condition

Lamb Wave(LW) simulation under time-varying conditions is an effective and low cost way to study the problem of the low reliability of the structural health monitoring methods based on the LW and Piezoelectric Transducer(PT). In this paper, a multiphysics simulation method of the LW propagation with the PTs under load condition is proposed. With this method, two key mechanisms of the load influence on the LW propagation are considered and coupled with each other. The first mechanism is the acoustoelastic effect which is the main reason of the LW velocity change. The second key mechanism is the load influence on piezoelectric materials, which results in a change of the amplitude. Based on the computational platform of the COMSOL Multiphysics, a multiphysics simulation model of the LW propagation with the PTs under load condition is established. The simulation model includes two physical phenomena. The first one is called solid mechanics, which is used to simulate the acoustoelastic effect being combined with the hyperelastic material properties of the structure in which the LW propagates. The second one is called electromechanical coupling, which considers the simulation of the piezoelectric effect of the PTs for the LW excitation and sensing. To simulate the load influence on piezoelectric materials, a non-linear numerical model of the relationship between the load and the piezoelectric coefficient d31 is established based on an experiment of the load influence on the LW. The simulation results under uniaxial tensile load condition are obtained and are compared with the data obtained from the experiment. It shows that the variations of the phase velocity and amplitude of the LW obtained from the simulation model match the experimental results well.     

运载火箭捷联惯组全自主对准技术应用研究

我国运载火箭发射前通常通过光学瞄准确定初始方位角,采用捷联惯组自对准解算获取水平姿态角。以可实现简易、快速发射的新型火箭为背景,在发射场阵风等干扰引起箭体低频微幅晃动的环境下,研究了捷联惯组自主对准技术。分析了运载火箭全自主对准的特点,利用以惯性系为参考基准的解析对准法和卡尔曼滤波精对准方法,对高精度全自主对准技术和其在运载火箭上的应用展开了详细论述。开展了全自主对准试验验证,结合新一代运载火箭首飞数据进行了分析。结果表明:捷联惯组全自主对准技术可替代复杂的光学瞄准系统,实现运载火箭发射前初始姿态的确定。