积冰对飞机纵向操稳特性的量化影响

提出了一种根据气象条件、飞机特征、飞行条件预测积冰对飞机飞行动力学特性影响的估算方法.采用热力学平衡分析方法完成了积冰增长过程的数学描述,利用逐步线性回归方法建立了结冰飞机的气动模型,计算得到了结冰飞机的气动参数,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,表明这种方法具有一定的工程实用性.并在此基础上研究了不同部位积冰对飞机纵向操稳特性的影响,通过数值仿真计算得出,结冰飞机气动特性的急剧恶化会导致其纵向操稳特性显著降低,严重时会危及其飞行安全.      

蓄冰盘管冰层厚度测量及管外蓄冰性能实验

提出了一种新型简便的冰层厚度测量方法,该方法用测量冰层内温度分布的方法间接测量冰层动态厚度及冰层的相界面生长规律。对蓄冰盘管外结冰过程的实验研究表明,测量方法可靠,具有较高的测量精度;实验发现,蓄冰盘管外上部冰层生长较快,而下部冰层生长较慢,而在实验参数范围内管内乙二醇水溶液流量对冰层生长速度影响不大。     

基于成核理论的水温对结冰黏附强度影响研究

飞机结冰会影响飞行安全,甚至导致严重的飞行事故。研究积冰与基底的黏附强度,可以为飞机防除冰系统的设计提供具体的指标要求。设计剪切黏附力测量实验平台,并利用该平台测量基底在不同冻结用水初始温度下的结冰黏附力;采集水/冰在冻结过程中的温度变化,并通过成核理论分析实验现象,着重研究冻结用水的初始温度对黏附强度的影响。结果表明：冻结水温初始温度的增加会促进冰晶成核,进而提高黏附强度。     

Triton, Pluto, Centaurs, and Trans-Neptunian Bodies

The diverse populations of icy bodies of the outer Solar System (OSS) give critical information on the composition and structure of the solar nebula and the early phases of planet formation. The two principal repositories of icy bodies are the Kuiper belt or disk, and the Oort Cloud, both of which are the source regions of the comets. Nearly 1000 individual Kuiper belt objects have been discovered; their dynamical distribution is a clue to the early outward migration and gravitational scattering power of Neptune. Pluto is perhaps the largest Kuiper belt object. Pluto is distinguished by its large satellite, a variable atmosphere, and a surface composed of several ices and probable organic solid materials that give it color. Triton is probably a former member of the Kuiper belt population, suggested by its retrograde orbit as a satellite of Neptune. Like Pluto, Triton has a variable atmosphere, compositionally diverse icy surface, and an organic atmospheric haze. Centaur objects appear to come from the Kuiper belt and occupy temporary orbits in the planetary zone; the compositional similarity of one well studied Centaur (5145 Pholus) to comets is notable. New discoveries continue apace, as observational surveys reveal new objects and refined observing techniques yield more physical information about specific bodies.     

制泥废水及烧结废水的处理与回用

通过对处理制泥废水及烧结废水工艺、设备、措施及综合利用进行了详细的描述,对拟用新措施将污水二次处理预期达到饮用及绿化水标准提出了建设性的设想,采用现代计算机FLASH软件将生产工艺制作成动画演示,强化了工厂管理体系.     

压缩空气瓶内凝结水水位检测方法的探讨

由于压缩空气瓶在使用过程中会出现瓶内残留凝结水的现象,从而影响压缩空气瓶的容积,并产生化学腐蚀,影响气瓶的整体强度和耐压性能及其的寿命。为此,应掌握气瓶内凝结水水位情况,并且提高检测水位准确度。提出了一种利用气体状态方程来计算压缩空气瓶的冷凝水水位新见解,对压缩空气瓶的安全使用具有重要意义。     

Kinetics of gas-Grain Reactions in the Solar Nebula

Thermochemical equilibrium calculations predict gas phase, gas-grain, and solid phase reactions as a function of pressure and temperature in the solar nebula. However, chemical reactions proceed at different rates, which generally decrease exponentially with decreasing temperature. At sufficiently low temperatures (which vary depending on the specific reaction) there may not have been enough time for the predicted equilibrium chemistry to have taken place before the local environment cooled significantly or before the gaseous solar nebula was dispersed. As a consequence, some of the high temperature chemistry established in sufficiently hot regions of the solar nebula may be quenched or frozen in without the production of predicted low temperature phases. Experimental studies and theoretical models of three exemplary low temperature reactions, the formation of troilite (FeS), magnetite (Fe₃O₄), and hydrous silicates, have been done to quantify these ideas. A comparison of the chemical reaction rates with the estimated nebular lifetime of 0.1-10 million years indicates that troilite formation proceeded to completion in the solar nebula. Magnetite formation was much slower and only thin magnetite rims could have formed on metal grains. Hydrous silicate formation is predicted to be even slower, and hydrous silicates in meteorites and interplanetary dust particles probably formed later on the parent bodies of these objects, instead of in the solar nebula. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

An assessment of semi-analytical models based on the absorption coefficient in retrieving the chlorophyll-a concentration from a reservoir

Monitoring chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations in inland waters is crucial for water quality management, since Chl-a is a proxy for phytoplankton biomass and, thus, for ecological health of a water environment. Chl-a concentration can be retrieved through the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of a water system, which, in turn, can be remotely sensed obtained. Quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA), originally developed for ocean waters, can also retrieve IOPs for inland waters after re-parameterizations. This study is aimed at assessing the performance of sixteen schemes composed by QAA original and re-parameterized versions followed by models that use absorption coefficients as inputs for estimating Chl-a concentration in Ibitinga reservoir, located at Tietê River cascading system, São Paulo State, Brazil. It was verified that only QAA_V5 based schemes were able to obtain reasonable estimates for image data and that by four models tested presented similar and acceptable results for QAA_V5 outputs. The best model were applied to a Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) image. Light absorption in the reservoir showed to be dominated by colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and wide spatial and temporal variability of optical and water quality properties was observed.     

航空发动机冰晶结冰研究进展

飞机在高空区域巡航时可能遭遇冰晶气象，导致发动机吸入冰晶颗粒发生结冰故障，欧美等国已将冰晶结冰纳入适航 取证要求，中国也考虑在后续发动机适航取证中增加冰晶结冰考核项目。为了准确掌握国内外冰晶结冰研究现状，通过调研文 献，对比了冰晶结冰与过冷水滴结冰在结冰位置、结冰条件和结冰机理方面的区别，阐述了试验研究和数值仿真方面的重要进展， 其中，试验研究分别介绍了冰晶在静态部件和动态部件内的撞击与结冰过程，数值仿真按照空气流场计算、冰晶运动轨迹和撞击 特性计算及结冰计算的顺序，总结了欧拉法与拉格朗日法的区别、冰晶运动相变与黏附过程及结冰热物理模型，并介绍了冰晶结 冰软件在数值模拟中的广泛应用，提出了目前在冰晶碰撞、结冰热力学模型、结冰探测及风洞试验等方面需要进一步研究的内容， 以期为中国冰晶结冰研究提供参考。     

Fronts and thermohaline structure of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence System

Fronts and thermohaline structure of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence System (BMCS) are studied from climatic data, “Marathon Exp. Leg.8, 1984” data, and Sea surface temperature (SST) data base “ds277-Reynolds” (1981–2000). The South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) is divided in two main types: tropical (TW) and subtropical water (ST). Water masses, Fronts, Inter-Frontal and Frontal Zones are analysed and classified: (a) the water masses: Tropical Low-Salinity Water, Tropical Surface Water, Tropical Tropospheric Water, Subtropical Low-Salinity Water, Subtropical Surface Water, Subtropical Tropospheric Water. T,S characteristics of intermediate, deep and bottom water defined by different authors are confirmed and completed; (b) the Inter-Frontal Zones: Tropical/Brazil Current Zone, Subtropical Zone and Subantarctic Zone; (c) the Frontal Zones: Subtropical, Subantarctic and Polar, and (d) the Fronts: Subtropical Front of the Brazil Current, Principal Subtropical Front, North Subtropical Front, Subtropical Surface Front, South Subtropical Front, Subantarctic Surface Front, Subantarctic Front and Polar Front. Several stable T–S relationships are found below the friction layer and at the Fronts. The maximum gradient of the oceanographic characteristics occurs at the Brazil Current Front, which can be any of the subtropical Fronts, depending on season. Minimum mean depth of the pycnocline coincides with the Fronts of the BMCS, indicating the paths of low-salinity shelf waters into the open ocean. In the work it is shown how to recover the horizontal and vertical thermohaline structure of waters from satellite data RSMAS SST.