On the uncertainties in the measurement of absolute (true) TEC over Indian equatorial and low latitude sectors

The Indian sector encompasses the equatorial and low latitude regions where the ionosphere is highly dynamic and is characterized by the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) resulting in large latitudinal electron density gradients causing errors and uncertainties in the estimation of range delays in satellite based navigation systems. The diurnal and seasonal variations of standard deviations in the TEC data measured during the low sunspot period 2004–2005 at 10 different Indian stations located from equator to the anomaly crest region and beyond are examined and presented. The day-to-day variability in TEC is found to be lowest at the equatorial station and increases with latitude up to the crest region of EIA and decreases beyond.     

Total electron content monitoring using triple frequency GNSS: Results with Giove-A/-B data

Triple frequency GNSS will be fully operational within the next decade, opening opportunities for new applications. Dual frequency GNSS already allow to study the ionosphere through the estimation of Total Electron Content (TEC). However, the precision is limited by the ambiguity resolution process. This paper studies a triple frequency TEC monitoring technique in which the use of Geometry-Free and Iono-Free linear combinations improves the ambiguity resolution process and therefore the precision of TEC. We have tested it on a set of triple frequency Giove-A/-B data from January and December 2008. The conclusions achieved are (1) TEC values are affected by an error of about 2–2.5 TECU produced through the ambiguity resolution process; (2) the error caused by the Geometric Free phase combination delays (hardware, multipath, noise, antenna phase center) on TEC is about 0.2 TECU; (3) the total error on TEC approximately reach 2–3 TECU.     

An Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System for the detection of thermal and TEC anomalies around the time of the Varzeghan,Iran, (Mw = 6.4) earthquake of 11 August 2012

Anomaly detection is extremely important for forecasting the date, location and magnitude of an impending earthquake. In this paper, an Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) has been proposed to detect the thermal and Total Electron Content (TEC) anomalies around the time of the Varzeghan, Iran, (M_w = 6.4) earthquake jolted in 11 August 2012 NW Iran. ANFIS is the famous hybrid neuro-fuzzy network for modeling the non-linear complex systems. In this study, also the detected thermal and TEC anomalies using the proposed method are compared to the results dealing with the observed anomalies by applying the classical and intelligent methods including Interquartile, Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods. The duration of the dataset which is comprised from Aqua-MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) night-time snapshot images and also Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM), is 62 days. It can be shown that, if the difference between the predicted value using the ANFIS method and the observed value, exceeds the pre-defined threshold value, then the observed precursor value in the absence of non seismic effective parameters could be regarded as precursory anomaly. For two precursors of LST and TEC, the ANFIS method shows very good agreement with the other implemented classical and intelligent methods and this indicates that ANFIS is capable of detecting earthquake anomalies. The applied methods detected anomalous occurrences 1 and 2 days before the earthquake. This paper indicates that the detection of the thermal and TEC anomalies derive their credibility from the overall efficiencies and potentialities of the five integrated methods.     

Using altimetry and seafloor pressure data to estimate vertical deformation offshore: Vanuatu case study

Measuring ground deformation underwater is essential for understanding Earth processes at many scales. One important example is subduction zones, which can generate devastating earthquakes and tsunamis, and where the most important deformation signal related to plate locking is usually offshore. We present an improved method for making offshore vertical deformation measurements, that involve combining tide gauge and altimetry data. We present data from two offshore sites located on either side of the plate interface at the New Hebrides subduction zone, where the Australian plate subducts beneath the North Fiji basin. These two sites have been equipped with pressure gauges since 1999, to extend an on-land GPS network across the plate interface. The pressure series measured at both sites show that Wusi Bank, located on the over-riding plate, subsides by 11 ± 4 mm/yr with respect to Sabine Bank, which is located on the down-going plate. By combining water depths derived from the on-bottom pressure data with sea surface heights derived from altimetry data, we determine variations of seafloor heights in a global reference frame. Using altimetry data from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2 and Envisat missions, we find that the vertical motion at Sabine Bank is close to zero and that Wusi Bank subsides by at least 3 mm/yr and probably at most 11 mm/yr.     

TEC variations analysis concerning Haiti (January 12, 2010) and Samoa (September 29, 2009) earthquakes

Two datasets of total electron content (TEC) time series have been analyzed in this study to locate relevant anomalous variations in recent major Haiti and Samoa Islands earthquakes prior to the events. The duration of two datasets is 45 and 65 days for Haiti and Samoa Islands earthquakes, respectively, each at a time resolution of 2 h.     

TEC计算方法探讨和赤道异常北驼峰时空特征测量初析

本文探讨了应用最小曲率原理由单站微分多普勒频移数据计算TEC时所遇到的问题和解决办法。处理了用MX1502大地定位接收机于1989年8月和9月先后在陕西临潼和北京观测的NNSS卫星多普勒频移数据,得到了TEC时空分布曲线。分析这些曲线,得到了TEC赤道异常北驼峰时空特征在太阳活动高年(尤其是8月中旬太阳特大质子事件中)的某些结果。     

中国及邻近地区地磁场垂直梯度的计算与研究

根据地磁场的球谐模型,推导出地磁场各个分量垂直梯度的球谐表达式.计算出中国及邻近地区高度为0km,50km和100km处的地磁场及其垂直梯度的网点值,编绘出地磁总强度、垂直强度、水平强度和磁偏角的垂直梯度等值线图.研究了地磁场垂直梯度在地面上以及随高度的变化规律.     

2004年11月一次磁暴期间全球电离层TEC扰动分析

利用全球分布的GPS原始观测数据提取的电离层总电子含量(TEC)分析了2004年11月6日至12日期间全球电离层暴的形态特点与发展过程.结果表明,11月8日磁暴主相期间电离层暴以大范围的强烈正暴为主,在11月10日的恢复相,Dst又一次降到最低值前后期间,电离层再次受到很强的扰动,大范围的正暴和负暴交替出现.这次磁暴期间夏季半球的负暴更加强烈,反映出负暴偏向于在夏季半球发生的季节变化特点.另外,磁暴期间,夜晚TEC值普遍比磁暴前的平静期要低,具体是什么机制导致还需要进一步收集数据和分析.      

未来城市空中交通管理研究综述

随着垂直起降（VTOL）航空器快速发展,城市空中交通（UAM）的概念逐渐引发了人们的关注。城市空中交通作为一种新型交通运输模式,将给未来城市发展带来无尽的活力。然而,现有空中交通管理系统不能满足未来城市空中交通按需运行的发展要求,必须针对城市空中交通运行特点,构建未来城市空中交通管理体系。首先,从城市空中交通发展概况与发展历程,简要概述了城市空中交通的由来、兴起与发展前景;其次,设计了城市空中交通管理的运行概念,并结合中国空管的现状特点,提出了中国未来城市空中交通管理体系架构;然后,分别从空域规划、流量控制、交通服务与基础设施建设等方面系统论述城市空中交通管理的研究现状。最后,结合未来城市空中交通发展需求,提出了城市空中交通管理所面临的问题挑战,给出了中国城市空中交通管理的发展建议,以期为城市空中交通管理深入研究与快速发展提供参考借鉴。     

共翼型舵潜艇操纵运动的数值模拟

为了提高潜艇的战术机动性能,采用一种稳定翼与转动舵共型的尾操纵面设计,为优化潜艇操纵性能提供新方案.采用数值模拟方法,针对SUBOFF标模进行系列的约束模型试验模拟,获取其水动力系数并与实验结果进行对比,确保计算方法的有效性.在此基础上,对潜艇的尾操纵面进行改造,分别设计非共型、共型尾操纵面,模拟两种尾操纵面形式潜艇在...