海杂波特性研究

从雷达距离性能的角度出发，研究了海杂波的一些重要特性，特别是海杂波的反射率及其与雷达波长和入射余角的关系。还讨论了极化对雷达距离性能的影响、海杂波概率分布、海杂波谱等。最后给出了海面反射率的典型结果。     

基于相互测距信息的机群组网协同定位技术

在网络中心战条件下,针对无GPS(Global Positioning System)时如何提高机群的导航定位精度问题,构建了以机载数据链和惯导系统为核心的协同定位系统,设计了协同定位系统的测距方案,分析了协同定位过程中的时间同步问题,提出了一种基于机间相互测距信息的机群组网协同定位方法.该方法利用几何图形平移旋转来估计机群各飞机的惯导系统定位误差.仿真表明:该方法可以用于长时间估计惯导位置误差,有效延缓惯导位置误差的发散速度,当5架飞机协同定位时,机群惯导位置精度将提高2倍左右.     

Flight performance analysis of GRACE K-band ranging instrument with simulation data

A dual one-way ranging (DOWR) system provides very high accuracy range measurements between two satellites. The GRACE satellite mission implements the DOWR, called KBR (K-band ranging), to measure very small inter-satellite range change in order to map the Earth gravity field. The flight performance of the KBR is analyzed by using a hybrid software simulator that incorporates actual satellite orbit data into a comprehensive KBR simulator, which was earlier used for computing the GRACE baseline accuracy. Three types of experiments were performed. First is the comparison of the flight data with the simulated data in spectral domain. Second is the comparison of double differenced noise level. Third is the comparison of the range-rate difference with GPS clock estimates. The analysis shows a good agreement with the simulation model except some excessive high frequency noise, e.g. 10⁻⁴ m/√Hz at 0.1 Hz. The range-rate difference shows 0.003 cyc/s discrepancy with the clock estimates. These analyses are helpful to refine the DOWR simulation model and can be benefit to future DOWR instrument development.     

Achievable debris orbit prediction accuracy using laser ranging data from a single station

Earlier studies have shown that an orbit prediction accuracy of 20 arc sec ground station pointing error for 1–2 day predictions was achievable for low Earth orbit (LEO) debris using two passes of debris laser ranging (DLR) data from a single station, separated by about 24 h. The accuracy was determined by comparing the predicted orbits with subsequent tracking data from the same station. This accuracy statement might be over-optimistic for other parts of orbit far away from the station. This paper presents the achievable orbit prediction accuracy using satellite laser ranging (SLR) data of Starlette and Larets under a similar data scenario as that of DLR. The SLR data is corrupted with random errors of 1 m standard deviation so that its accuracy is similar to that of DLR data. The accurate ILRS Consolidated Prediction Format orbits are used as reference to compute the orbit prediction errors. The study demonstrates that accuracy of 20 arc sec for 1–2 day predictions is achievable.     

NASA历表在深空导航中的发展和比较

利用不同版本的数值历表,对我国正在进行的探月工程以及后续的金星、火星和木星等深空探测中的导航问题进行分析和讨论。对DE405、DE421和DE430的动力学模型及其使用的观测数据进行了分析比较,考察了历表的精度和稳定性。并根据DE430历表简单讨论了木星在我国深空探测站的可视问题,为以后深空导航提供参考。简单讨论了中科院国家天文台行星无线电研究团组基于月球无线电测距(LRR)发展我国自己的历表以及开展基于月球深空导航计划的可行性。     

Improved kHz-SLR tracking techniques and orbit quality analysis for LEO missions

Satellite gravity field missions such as CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE are designed as low Earth orbiting spacecraft (LEO) with orbit heights of about 250–500 km. The challenging mission objectives require a very precise knowledge of the satellite orbit position in space. For these missions precise orbit information is typically provided by GPS satellite-to-satellite tracking (SST) observations supported by satellite laser ranging (SLR).     

基于激光干涉星间测距原理的下一代月球卫星重力测量计划需求论证

月球卫星重力测量是21世纪国际开展深空探测的发展趋势和追逐热点。月球重力场的精密测量是国际探月计划的重要组成部分,它决定着月球探测器的轨道优化设计和载人登月飞船月面理想着陆点的合适选取。本文首先介绍未来国际GRAIL（Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory）月球重力场探测双星计划的总体概述、关键载荷以及科学目标和研究方向。其次,重点阐述月球卫星观测模式可行性论证、月球卫星关键载荷的优化选取、卫星轨道参数的优化设计、仿真模拟研究的先期开展等我国将来月球卫星重力测量计划的实施建议。第一,由于高低/低低卫星跟踪卫星结合多普勒和甚长基线干涉系统观测模式（SST-HL/LL-Doppler-VLBI）对中长波月球重力场的探测精度较高,技术要求相对较低,月球重力场测定速度快、代价低和效益高,可借鉴地球重力卫星GRACE（Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment）系统的成功经验,对定轨精度的要求较低,而且可有效探测远月面区域的月球重力场信号,因此我国将来首期月球卫星重力测量计划采用SST-HL/LL-Doppler-VLBI观测模式较优。第二,我国应先期开展高精度的月球重力卫星关键载荷（激光干涉星间测距仪、非保守力补偿系统等）和地面Doppler\|VLBI系统的研制工作。第三,月球卫星轨道高度（50~100 km）和星间距离（100±50 km）的优化设计是成功实施将来我国月球卫星重力测量计划的重要保证。第四,建议我国将仿真技术应用于月球重力卫星的方案论证、系统设计、部件研制、产品检验、实际应用、故障分析等研制和运行的全过程。本文的研究不仅对我国将来首期月球卫星重力测量计划的成功实施具有重要的参考价值,同时对未来国际太阳系行星重力探测的发展方向具有广泛的指导意义。
     

ETALON spin period determination from kHz SLR data

Using kHz Satellite LASER Ranging (SLR) data of the SLR station Graz only, we determined the spin periods of the two ETALON satellites – launched into high orbits of about 20,000 km – and their spin period increase during 3 years. The determined spin period values and spin period increase rates at 2004-01-01 are: T_ET1 = 63 s + 0.484 s/year, and T_ET2 = 65.5 s + 0.401 s/year.     

星间时间同步系统及零值标定研究

空间卫星的相对距离和钟面时差的准确测量,是实现多星之间时间同步,完成特定任务的重要基础。在介绍空间星间测试验证系统与双向单程距离和时差测量的基础上,提出一种闭环自测的零值标定方法。经理论分析和测试验证表明,所测数据稳定可靠,能够满足实际测量的要求。     

样本量对空间碎片测距精度的影响

日益增多的空间碎片严重威胁着在轨航天器的运行安全,对空间碎片的监督与防御逐渐引起了关注。高重复率激光测距技术为空间碎片测量提供了有效手段。激光脉冲的高重复率意味着大样本量。而在满足精度要求下,对样本量需求的研究较少。本文基于高重复率取样,研究了样本量对测距精度的影响,并得到了满足精度要求的最小样本量。首先,将空间碎片的轨道根数作为先验信息对测量数据进行预处理。通过多项式拟合和迭代获得有效样本点,逐渐减少样本量,绘制精度随样本量的变化曲线。从精度曲线变化阈值中可以获得最小样本量,可以此选取激光测距系统激光发射重复频率。对一些空间碎片的测距实验结果表明,有效样本量可以获得30%—60%的降低。