Performance of a small and low-cost chamber to simulate lunar surface environment

The performance of a small and low-cost metal chamber built to simulate the pressure and temperature conditions of lunar surface was assessed and the results are presented. This chamber is intended for studying the physical properties of lunar surface and subsurface (using soil simulants) and also to validate the technology readiness of certain newly developed payloads planned for future lunar surface missions (Lander/Rover). It is possible to reach down to ∼10⁻⁷ Pa under specific conditions and maintain the temperature of the sample under investigation to lunar day and night temperatures. The designed system has been subjected to various tests to evaluate its performance and suitability for carrying out experiments in a simulated lunar environment.     

Io’s Atmosphere and Surface-Atmosphere Interactions

Our knowledge of Io’s atmosphere has improved dramatically in the last fifteen years, with a wealth of new observational data at millimeter, UV and IR wavelengths, and the development of numerous models describing its horizontal and vertical structure, composition, photochemistry and plasma interaction. Io’s atmosphere is dominantly composed of SO2, present mostly at low-tomid latitudes with column densities of a few 1016 cm⁻² and important (factors of 5-10) longitudinal variations. Minor compounds include SO, S₂, and NaCl. Sublimation equilibrium with SO₂ frost and direct volcanic output coexist to maintain Io’s atmosphere against condensation, photolytic and escape losses.     

Research on vacuum plume and its effects

In vacuum environment, the exhaust flow of attitude control thrusters would expand freely and produce the plume, which possibly causes undesirable contamination, aerodynamic force and heating effects to the spacecraft. Plume work station (PWS) is developed by Beihang University (BUAA) for numerically simulating the vacuum plume and its effects. An approach which combines the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method and difference solution of Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations is applied. The internal flows in nozzles are simulated by solving the NS equations. The flow parameters at nozzle exit are used as the inlet boundary condition for the DSMC calculation. Experimental studies are carried out in a supersonic low density wind tunnel which could simulate the 60-80 km altitude environment to investigate the plume and its effects. To demonstrate the capability of PWS, numerical simulations are performed for the vacuum plume of several typical attitude control thrusters. The research results are of great help for the engineering design.     

真空紫外辐照引起的聚合物材料质量损失模型及实验验证

基于扩散理论及辐射化学反应理论,建立真空紫外(VUV)辐照引起的聚合物材料质量损失数学模型。采用分离变量法与特征函数展开法,获得材料中挥发物质量随辐照剂量变化的函数关系式。通过实验得到聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜和聚酯(PET)薄膜的质量损失数据,拟合求解模型中的参数,验证模型的适用性。实验结果表明,该质量损失模型适用于PI薄膜及PET薄膜,借助该模型可预估VUV辐照引起的材料的质量损失。     

轨控发动机真空流场计算

拦截弹轨控发动机在真空中的流场可为其设计提供重要的理论依据，同时其喷焰红外辐射特性也是防御上的重要研究对象。采用基于有限体积形式的LU格式离散N-S方程，通过时间推进法求解拦截弹轨控发动机喷管以及外场喷流区域在内的气相统一流场，同时考虑了各主要组分参与的化学反应，得到了轨控发动机喷管内外速度、温度、密度、组分浓度等参数的分布情况。研究表明：使用本文中的方法可以很好地计算出轨控发动机在真空中的内外流场。真空羽流膨胀迅速。     

环境压强对行波超声马达驱动特性的影响

在环境压强从常态到高真空的循环条件下,测试了45盘形行波型超声马达的转速、转矩 随环境压强的变化,并获得了其负载特性。所选择的低真空和高真空的环境压强分别为2Pa和5×10 -3 Pa。结果表明,行波型超声马达的转速和转矩均随环境压强减小而 减小。超声马达的负载越大,真空中的转速下降量越大。超声马达的负载特性随环境压强减 小而变差。从超声马达特性和摩擦学理论角度,探讨了真空下超声马达的堵转力矩比常态下小的原因。
     

火星土壤水分光热采集方法可行性分析

展望火星采样返回、载人火星探测和火星基地建设等未来任务,目前开展火星原位资源利用技术研究已具有较为实际的意义和需求。已实施的火星探测表明,火星的水资源存在于火星北极与南极的冰盖以及火星的土壤和大气中。文章针对火星表面含有水冰的土壤,提出一种利用太阳光辐射使水冰受热升华再凝华成霜来实现水分采集的方法,给出原理性装置设计,并采用有限差分法计算了一定厚度土壤内的冰完全升华所需的时间,据此分析论证了所提出方法的可行性。     

X射线辐照圆柱壳体产生的汽化反冲

暴露在x射线辐射场中的圆柱壳体,在吸收了大量的辐射能后其表层汽化。由于表层的汽化物质快速飞散,圆柱壳体将受到冲击载荷的作用。本文用气体动力学方法提出了计算作用在圆柱壳体上汽化反冲压力及冲量的理论模型。     

星载低真空逸气氰酸酯树脂的制备与性能

通过在氰酸酯树脂中添加不同低含量环氧树脂AG80和催化剂苄基二甲胺（BDMA）,分析了低含量环氧树脂改性氰酸酯树脂的微观结构、固化热效应、真空逸气特性、力学性能、吸水率和热失重。实验结果表明,在催化剂BDMA的作用下,当环氧树脂AG80的质量分数为5%和8%时,可以有效促进氰酸酯的固化程度,减少未固化小分子数量,进而改善氰酸酯材料的真空逸气性能。其中BADCy-1的真空逸气性能和耐湿性能达到最优,总质量损失（TML）和可凝挥发物（CVCM）分别为0.41%和0.03%,吸水率降低15%。BADCy-2的力学性能达到最优,拉伸强度和弯曲强度改善效果显著,分别提高23%和20%。同时随着环氧树脂含量的增加,材料的耐热性能有所下降。     

精密定位与测量技术在真空低温环境下的应用

分析了圆感应同步器和磁栅的特性,提出了在真空低温的特殊环境下进行精密测量的方法。