真实火箭燃气流场的测量与数值仿真

对用激光－莫尔偏折法测出的真实火箭燃气射流流场进行了数值仿真,在计算中采用了二阶精度的ＭＵＳＣＬ格式,将三维问题转化为二维问题,结果表明,理论计算与实验测量结果符合较好。     

碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料弹性常数测量

为研究粉末冶金制备的碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料(SiCp/Al)中SiCp含量对材料机械性能的影响,使用弹性波法测量了SiCp含量不同的标准试样的弹性常数矩阵.利用Christoffel方程建立了横观各向同性材料波速与弹性常数之间的关系,介绍了水浸斜入射法测量准横波和准纵波波速的基本原理和测量过程,基于上述原理进行了试验,计算出了被测试件的弹性常数.结果表明,SiCp/Al沿挤压方向的机械性能最高,并且随着SiCp含量的增加,弹性常数变大,材料的强度升高.     

Vertical wavenumber spectra of atmospheric ozone measured from ozonesonde observations

Vertical profiles of ozone have been measured at balloon altitudes. Our purpose is to examine the character of vertical wavenumber spectra of ozone fluctuations, to assess the possible roles of gravity wave field in ozone fluctuations, and to determine dominant vertical wavelengths of ozone spectra. Vertical wavenumber spectra of 12 ozone fluctuations obtained during June–August 2003 are presented. Results indicate that mean spectral slopes in the wavenumber range from 4.69 × 10⁻⁴ to 2.50 × 10⁻³ cyc/m are about −2.91 in the troposphere and −2.87 in the lower stratosphere, which is close to the slope of −3 predicted by current gravity wave saturation models. The consistency of the observed spectral slopes with the value of −3 predicted by current gravity wave saturation models suggests that the observed ozone fluctuations are due primarily to atmospheric gravity waves. At m = 1/(1000 m) the mean spectral amplitude is over 30 times larger in the lower stratosphere than in the troposphere. Mean vertical wavenumber spectra in area-preserving form reveal dominant vertical wavelengths of ∼2.6 km in the troposphere and ∼2.7 km in the lower stratosphere, which is consistent with the values varying between 1.5 and 3.0 km estimated from the velocity field and temperature field at these heights.     

Cosmological Shock Waves

Large-scale structure formation, accretion and merging processes, AGN activity produce cosmological gas shocks. The shocks convert a fraction of the energy of gravitationally accelerated flows to internal energy of the gas. Being the main gas-heating agent, cosmological shocks could amplify magnetic fields and accelerate energetic particles via the multi-fluid plasma relaxation processes. We first discuss the basic properties of standard single-fluid shocks. Cosmological plasma shocks are expected to be collisionless. We then review the plasma processes responsible for the microscopic structure of collisionless shocks. A tiny fraction of the particles crossing the shock is injected into the non-thermal energetic component that could get a substantial part of the ram pressure power dissipated at the shock. The energetic particles penetrate deep into the shock upstream producing an extended shock precursor. Scaling relations for postshock ion temperature and entropy as functions of shock velocity in strong collisionless multi-fluid shocks are discussed. We show that the multi-fluid nature of collisionless shocks results in excessive gas compression, energetic particle acceleration, precursor gas heating, magnetic field amplification and non-thermal emission. Multi-fluid shocks provide a reduced gas entropy production and could also modify the observable thermodynamic scaling relations for clusters of galaxies.     

用GAO-YONG湍流模式对翼型跨音粘流的数值模拟

应用GAO-YONG可压缩湍流模式,数值模拟了NACA0012,RAE2822翼型的定常跨音速粘流算例.对流项采用三阶ROE格式,扩散项采用二阶中心格式,用多步Runge-Kutta显式时间推进法求解空间离散后的控制方程.计算结果很好地预测了翼型表面的压力系数的分布、激波的位置、马赫数等值线的分布等情况,并且对翼型表面激波与边界层相互干扰以及层流向湍流的转捩问题进行了分析计算.计算结果与实验值符合很好,表明GAO-YONG可压缩湍流模式应用合适的计算方法能够高精度模拟翼型跨音粘性流动问题,并且基于GAO-YONG可压缩湍流模式各向异性湍流粘性的机理,提供了一种预测转捩起始位置的判别方法.      

基于CE/SE法的翼型流场激波捕捉计算

在二维四边形结构网格下,针对时空守恒元和解元(CE/SE, space-time Conservation Element and Solution Element)方法捕捉激波需要双倍空间网格点的问题,重新对守恒元和解元进行了定义,计算点同时包含单元中心和网格节点,并推导得到了新的CE/SE方法的计算公式.以此为基础,结合非敏感克朗数(CNIS, Courant Number Insensitive Scheme)计算格式和当地时间步长方法,对激波翼型流场进行数值模拟,并与原方法及AGARD报告进行对比.结果表明,对原CE/SE方法的改进是有效的,可明显提高激波分辨能力,并且激波前后无明显的数值震荡发生,新方法适合应用于翼型流场中捕捉激波.     

基于Lamb波与时频分析的复合材料结构损伤监测和识别

采用将Lamb波和时频分析相结合的方法,对碳纤维增强复合材料层板结构进行在线的连续监测。首先研究Lamb波在复合材料层板结构中的传播问题,利用Mindlin板理论建立了低阶反对称Lamb波在各向异性复合材料层板中随传播角变化的频散关系;然后用小波变换对由压电传感元件激励和接收的Lamb波信号在时频域进行分析,提取特征信息,测量出Lamb波在结构中实际传播的飞行时间和群速度,并与理论结果相比较;在此基础上结合理论与实际量测信息,考虑各向异性对Lamb波速度的影响,使用遗传算法确定损伤位置,并估算损伤尺寸。实验研究表明了本文方法的可应用性和有效性。     

模拟弹塑性碰撞的修正SPH方法

从基本的无网格光滑粒子法SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)近似出发,修正了模拟固体力学中大变形弹塑性碰撞的SPH方法.在边界处采用修正的边界条件,弹塑性分析过程中采用增量理论计算应力,迭代过程中用守恒光滑法进行滤波修正消除拉力不稳定.对SPH方法进行了程序实现,给出了杆弹塑性碰撞的算例.计算分析表明,SPH方法节点的影响域较大、精度较相同节点间距有限元法的结果有一定差距,但是通过增加粒子数量可以提高SPH的精度,保持了其简单性和计算大变形的特性.      

NEW APPROACH TO OBTAIN SPACE-TIME CONSERVATION SCHEMES

Inordertoovercometheseverallimitationsofthetraditionalmetheds,anewnumericalmethodofspace-timeconservationelementandsolutionelement(CE/SE)forsolvingconser-vationlawswasdevelopedbyChang['j.Thismethoddifferssubstantiallyinbothconceptandmethedologyfromthewell-establishedmethodslsuchasfinitedifference,finiteelement,etc.,andithasmanynontraditionalfeatures.First,spaceandtimeareunifiedandtreatedonthesamefooting,andbytheintroductionofconservationelementandsolutionelement,bothlocalandglobalfluxconserv…     

交流变频调速系统的SPWM波形生成方法的谐波分析

本文简述了交流变频调速系统常用的四种ＳＰＷＭ波形生成的方法，并研究了各种方法的ＳＰＷＭ开关点计算公式及其推导，利用这些公式计算了一系列开关点数据，同时提出了一种以开关点数据分析ＳＰＷＭ波形各次谐波的方法，通过谐波分析证实自然采样法优于其他方法。