DYNAMO: a Mars upper atmosphere package for investigating solar wind interaction and escape processes, and mapping Martian fields

DYNAMO is a small multi-instrument payload aimed at characterizing current atmospheric escape, which is still poorly constrained, and improving gravity and magnetic field representations, in order to better understand the magnetic, geologic and thermal history of Mars. The internal structure and evolution of Mars is thought to have influenced climate evolution. The collapse of the primitive magnetosphere early in Mars history could have enhanced atmospheric escape and favored transition to the present arid climate. These objectives are achieved by using a low periapsis orbit. DYNAMO has been proposed in response to the AO released in February 2002 for instruments to be flown as a complementary payload onboard the CNES Orbiter to Mars (MO-07), foreseen to be launched in 2007 in the framework of the French PREMIER Mars exploration program. MO-07 orbital phase 2b (with an elliptical orbit of periapsis 170 km), and in a lesser extent 2a, offers an unprecedented opportunity to investigate by in situ probing the chemical and dynamical properties of the deep ionosphere, thermosphere, and the interaction between the atmosphere and the solar wind, and therefore the present atmospheric escape rate. Ultraviolet remote sensing is an essential complement to characterize high, tenuous, layers of the atmosphere. One Martian year of operation, with about 5,000 low passes, should allow DYNAMO to map in great detail the residual magnetic field, together with the gravity field. Additional data on the internal structure will be obtained by mapping the electric conductivity, sinergistically with the NETLANDER magnetic data. Three options have been recommended by the International Science and Technical Review Board (ISTRB), who met on July 1st and 2nd, 2002. One of them is centered on DYNAMO. The final choice, which should be made before the end of 2002, will depend on available funding resources at CNES.     

Mercury: can any ice exist at subpolar regions?

The heat transfer in a regolith subsurface layer of thickness 20 m has been theoretically simulated for the areas near Mercury's north pole aiming at the clarification of the possible existence of subsurface ice formations of different form. The paper considers different models of the icy regolith structure and composition: pure uniform amorphous ice; a porous dispersive system with ice-filled pores and voids; permafrost. For comparison the heat transfer in dry iceless regolith has been considered as well. It has been shown that the line of maximum distribution of subsurface icy formations depends on the icy regolith model, but for any one in the “hot” regions it does not go below 70°. For the “cool” regions this line has been shown to go from 5° to 10° southward than that for the “hot” ones. The possible thickness of icy regolith near the pole has been estimated for different models assuming an interior heat flow of 15 mW m⁻². It has been shown that the maximum thickness of this layer takes place at the pole and is equal to 10 km for any model.     

上面级发射中高轨道卫星外热流分析

研究发射轨道的外热流是卫星热控制系统设计的基础。针对上面级发射轨道的特点和卫星姿态，推导出上面级滑行段和点火段瞬态及平均外热流计算公式。以北斗三号中轨导航卫星为例，给出了阳光和轨道面夹角随太阳黄经和升交点赤经的变化关系，以及最长阴影时间、滑行段旋转角速度约束条件的分析方法，在此基础上确定了上面级阶段卫星的极端外热流工况并给出了外热流计算结果。     

Two dimensional simulation of amplitude modulated electron plasma waves

Highly modulated waves near electron plasma frequency with both parallel and perpendicular polarization have been observed near diffusion region at dayside and in the tail region. In this paper, two dimensional Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulation was performed to study the possible generation mechanism of these modulated electron plasma waves. It is shown that weak beam instability could generate the modulated Langmuir wave and the ambient magnetic field plays an important role in the formation of modulation. When the weak beam has loss cone distribution, highly modulated upper hybrid waves are generated and propagate with large angle to the ambient magnetic field. The properties of these modulated waves are discussed and compared with observations.     

导航信号模拟器上位机软件设计与实现

卫星导航信号模拟器可以模拟产生各种动态环境下接收机所接收到的导航卫星信号。为接收机的调试和测试提供仿真信号源。完整的导航信号模拟器由上位机软件、中频信号产生、射频前端电路三个单元组成。文中对信号模拟器的上位机软件单元进行详细的分析,给出软件总体流程图,阐述主要模块的功能及其实现方法,包括人机交互界面、导航电文生成模块、载体运动轨迹计算模块、卫星位置计算模块和等效伪距误差计算模块。通过与商用(?)收机联试,验证了软件设计正确可行。     

基于光纤通道的航空电子网络研究

介绍先进综合化航空电子系统结构及先进综合化航空电子系统对采用光纤统一网络互连的要求;列举光纤通道(FC)互联网络的高可靠性、容错性和确定性等指标,并评估其适于作为新一代航空电子系统互连标准;描述FC在未来航空电子系统应用中复杂的体系结构和多种上层映射协议共用的解决方案;介绍1553上层映射(FC-AE-1553)、虚拟接口结构上层映射(VIA ULP)、音频视频上层映射(FC-AV)等三种FC的上层映射协议适用于未来航空电子系统应用的特点,分析三种上层映射协议在未来航空电子系统中的应用。     

Monitoring of rice cropping intensity in the upper Mekong Delta,Vietnam using time-series MODIS data

Information on rice growing areas is important for policymakers to devise agricultural plans. This research explores the monitoring of rice cropping intensity in the upper Mekong Delta, Vietnam (from 2001 to 2007) using time-series MODIS NDVI 250-m data. Data processing includes three steps: (1) noise is filtered from the time-series NDVI data using empirical mode decomposition (EMD); (2) endmembers are extracted from the filtered time-series data and trained in a linear mixture model (LMM) for classification of rice cropping systems; and (3) classification results are verified by comparing them with the ground-truth and statistical data. The results indicate that EMD is a good filter for noise removal from the time-series data. The classification results confirm the validity of LMM, giving an overall accuracy of 90.1% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.7. The lowest producer and user accuracies were associated with single crop rain-fed rice class due to the mixed pixel problems. A strong yearly correlation at the district level was revealed in the MODIS-derived areas (R² ? 0.9). Investigation of interannual changes in rice cropping intensity from 2001 to 2007 showed a remarkable conversion from double to triple crop irrigated rice from 2001 to 2003, especially in the Thoai Son and Phu Tan districts. A big conversion from triple crop rice back to double crop rice cultivation was also observed in Phu Tan from 2005 to 2006. These changes were verified by visual interpretation of Landsat images and examination of NDVI profiles.     

Sodium lidar measurements of mesopause region temperatures at 23° S

A sodium lidar, capable of measuring temperature in the 80–100 km region, has been in operation at São José dos Campos (23° S, 46 W) since March 2007. Good quality data have been obtained for late autumn, winter and spring, but weather conditions make it extremely difficult to make measurements from mid-November to mid- February. We find the temperature structure to be strongly modulated by tides and gravity waves, but average profiles typically show a primary mesopause height close to 100 km with temperatures around 180 K, and a tendency for a secondary minimum of about 185 K to occur close to 90 km. Vertical temperature gradients greater than 50 K/km are sometimes seen even on profiles averaged over several hours. The strongest gradients are always positive and are frequently associated with strong gradients in sodium concentration. On the other hand, we frequently see rapid changes in the temperature profile, suggesting that models and non-local temperature measurements, as made by satellite radiometers, for example, are of little use in applications such as the analysis of gravity wave propagation seen in airglow images.     

北斗三号卫星与上面级供电相关接口分析及验证

卫星采用运载火箭上面级发射入轨期间,经历了由大椭圆轨道至圆轨道的过程,飞行姿态经历了变轨、慢旋、分离后巡航等多个阶段。在太阳翼展开前,卫星要经历比自身变轨更为恶劣的高低温环境及能源紧张等供电风险。在分离时刻的太阳翼碰撞或干涉安全性也需要重点关注和分析。针对北斗三号一箭双星采用上面级直接入轨方式的特点,分析了卫星与上面级间的供电和热设计接口,并从双星分离安全性角度考虑,分析影响卫星与上面级接口安全性的主要要素,并对应用和验证情况进行总结。