速度对火星用盘缝带伞超声速开伞性能影响

基于LS-DYNA软件中的时－空守恒元／解元算法（即CE／SE算法）对降落伞在火星大气环境下的超声速开伞性能进行研究。通过数值仿真探讨来流速度对其性能的影响,为火星用盘缝带伞的设计提供参考。通过对各马赫数下伞衣的外形、投影面积、阻力系数和伞衣表面应力的情况进行比较,得出以下结论：随着来流速度的增加,降落伞的投影面积先增大后减小,在1．6马赫左右最大;阻力系数随着来流速度的增加也先增大后减小;伞衣表面应力在伞衣带和伞衣盘的中部区域最大,随着来流速度的增加,表面的最大应力值也逐渐增大。最后,研究了伞绳长度对降落伞性能的影响。     

SOHO contribution to the understanding of mass supply and flows in the solar corona

We expect a variety of dynamic phenomena in the quiescent non-flaring corona. Plasma flows, such as siphon flows or convective flows of chromospheric material evaporating into the corona, are expected whenever a pressure differences is established either between the footpoints or between the coronal and chromospheric segments of a coronal loop. Such flows can induce phenomena of spatial and temporal brightness variability of the corona. In particular, evaporation induces a net mass input into the corona and consequently coronal density enhancements. Flows are also expected in the regions where energy is released during magnetic reconnection. From the observational point of view the dynamics of the solar atmosphere has been investigated in great detail mostly in the lower transition region with the HRTS, and during flares with theSolar Maximum Mission andYohkoh. The high spectral, temporal and spatial resolution of theSOHO ultraviolet spectrometers should enable us in the near future to fill the gap providing a continuous coverage from the chromosphere to the corona, in the 10⁴–10⁶ K domain, and therefore to best study the dynamics throughout the solar atmosphere.     

H2O对空间站5A分子筛CO2去除性能影响

为进一步研究分子筛CO2去除系统应用于空间站的工作可靠性和鲁棒性,针对空间站4床分子筛(4-BMS)系统中可能出现的湿度失效保护问题展开了实验研究.测试了两种载人航天分子筛材料TC-5A与PSA-5A,研究了不同相对湿度对CO2吸附性能的影响;比较了相同湿度条件下,进口气体CO2浓度、粒径及吸附温度的变化对分子筛吸附CO2性能的影响,采用不同实验方法探究了H2O和CO2在两种分子筛材料中的竞争吸附关系.结果表明:PSA-5A吸附CO2性能优于TC-5A,但对H2O的吸附率略低于TC-5A.H2O的存在对分子筛吸附CO2影响非常大,空气中相对湿度达到60%时,分子筛基本失去了吸附CO2的能力.此外,温度升高会造成CO2的吸附量显著下降,但对H2O的吸附量影响相对较小,尤其是当相对湿度较高时.这对中国未来长期运行的空间站分子筛CO2去除系统工作有效性与工作鲁棒性的评价具有指导意义.     

航天飞机再入大气层最优轨迹

本文研究航天飞机再人大气层最小气动加热的最优轨迹。文中考虑了地球自转的影响和气动加热、动压、过载对再入飞行的限制。在地心非惯性坐标系中,采用球面速度坐标系建立运动方程。再入点的运动参数是在惯性计算系中给出的,故地心非惯性系的再入参数是经过惯性计算系到非惯性计算系的转换而获得的。文中最优轨迹的性能指标采用气动加热量的最小值,最优轨迹的求解方法采用非线性规划法,即将控制变量参数化,把泛函的极值问题转变成函数的极值问题进行求解,因而可以利用函数优化方法的标准程序进行计算。本文在性能指标中引进了罚函数,并采用Powell方法求解无约束的最优化问题。文中进一步用运动参数描述控制变量,这不但便于初值的选择,而且还便于考虑一些参数变化规律的要求。本方法使用方便,计算结果稳定可靠。     

有大气行星悬飞探测初步设想与可行性探讨

提出了一种有大气地外行星悬飞探测方式,该探测方式是利用被探测天体存在大气的环境特点,实现探测器在被测天体的"飞行"机动,克服目前已有的环绕探测、着陆探测、巡视探测和采样返回探测四类无人深空探测方式受地形、地貌约束无法实现大范围机动就位探测的不足。提出了悬飞探测器的典型任务工作模式设想,建立了悬飞探测器的六自由度动力学模型,并针对太阳系内典型的有大气行星环境(火星和土卫六)特点,给出了悬飞探测器的动力学特性并开展了仿真分析。在此基础上,首次提出了悬飞探测器的可行性约束系数,为悬飞探测器在深空探测的可行性研究提供了理论依据。     

常压热试验技术在整星级航天器研制中的应用研究

针对航天器常压热试验技术在中国返回式卫星研制过程中的应用进行了研究,论述了常压热试验隔间的设计、常压热试验技术的原理和方法,然后就试验结果以及试验过程中涉及到的几个重要问题进行了分析讨论。通过分析可得,常压热试验达到了对卫星进行可靠性考核的试验目的,对航天器研制的流程再造具有重要意义。     

海南万宁大气腐蚀环境特点的研究

通过利用大气腐蚀监测仪(ACM)对海南万宁地区的大气腐蚀进行长期电化学监测的结果,与该地区同期的主要大气腐蚀环境因素对比分析,初步找出海南万宁大气腐蚀的主要环境因子及其腐蚀环境特点.海南万宁长期处于高温高湿条件下,大气腐蚀处于连续不断过程之中,但这一地区大气污染少,加速因素较小,因而大气腐蚀不严重.     

Signature of the 11-Year Cycle in the Upper Atmosphere

In the last 45 years I have studied the thermal structure of the atmosphere from the thermosphere down to the stratosphere, and found evidence of its variability in relationship with the change of solar irradiation during the 11-year solar cycle. I would review, in the light of recent model results, the measurements which I had made since the 1960s and which, for some of them, did not find any explanation at the time of their publication. The data were obtained by two different techniques, rockets and lidars and correspond to different regions of the atmosphere from the upper thermosphere to the stratosphere. The expectation was until recently that the atmosphere should be warmed by an increase of solar flux in the course of the solar cycle due to the increase of UV flux. It has been shown to be the case in the tropical stratosphere and at all latitudes in the upper thermosphere. But, at high and mid latitudes and at other altitudes, the reverse situation was found to exist and, until recently, this cooling observed in parts of the atmosphere with increasing solar flux had never been simulated by models. In addition to reviewing our own data, the paper will present recent results using other dataset which support our observations. It is only recently that we succeeded with a model able to tune the forcing by planetary waves at the tropopause level and thus reproduce such behaviour.     

Advances in the study of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere

The research activities of the middle and upper atmosphere in China paced abig stride in the recent years. This paper provides an brief overview of theadvances in main aspects of the study in China during the past four years.     

近地空间全天时星敏感器技术现状及发展综述

星敏感器是一种以恒星为参考源的姿态测量设备,在卫星、导弹、舰船等平台得到广泛应用。对于需在大气层内全天时工作的近地空间平台,如舰船、飞机、导弹、高空气球等,星敏感器面临白天强烈天空背景条件下探测暗弱恒星目标的难题。首先介绍了近地空间全天时星敏感器的基本工作原理;其次介绍了国内外研究现状;然后分析并总结了全天时星敏感器实现的主要技术途径;最后梳理出下一步研究方向。分析结果可为近地空间全天时星敏感器系统的研制提供参考和帮助。