基于UPF的修正罗德里格参数卫星姿态估计

粒子滤波(PF)在卫星姿态估计中解决了非高斯分布的情况,在粒子滤波的基础上,利用修正罗德里格参数(MRPs)表示姿态,用动力学方程进行角速率的传播,提出将采样粒子滤波(UPF)算法应用到基于MRPs的卫星姿态估计中,该方法通过UKF得到粒子滤波的重要性采样函数,更充分地利用了最新的量测信息。仿真结果表明,这种基于UPF的姿态估计方法能够获得比UKF和标准PF更高的滤波精度,并且具有更好的滤波稳定性。     

Track-to-object association algorithm based on TLE filtering

This paper focuses on the track-to-object association problem based on the two-line elements (TLE) set. The TLE’s short-term propagation error characteristics are analyzed to capture its uncertainty. Further, a four-step track-to-object association algorithm is designed for the optical observation data. First, for too-short arc tracklets, a circular orbit determination algorithm is proposed to calculate the inclination and the right ascension of the ascending node. Second, the TLEs are filtered based on these results. Nearly 96% of the TLEs can be filtered, which significantly improves the association efficiency. The last two steps consist of two association processes. A first-order association process is implemented first to get candidate objects, with the angles root mean square error as the metric. Then a precise association process checks the candidate objects and gives the final association result. The proposed approach is tested with simulated and observed data, respectively. With simulated data, the true positive rate is 98.7%. With the observed data, the association results were validated using the precise orbit ephemerides.     

Design of on-board calibration methods for a digital sun sensor based on Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm and Kalman filters

Digital sun sensor is one of the most important sensors used in the Attitude Determination System (ADS) of the satellite. Due to the harsh environmental conditions that exist in the space, various distortions may occur in the sun sensor optical system that lead to the reduced accuracy of this equipment. So, it is necessary to recalibrate the optical parameters of the aforementioned sensors. For this purpose, first a novel attitude independent error model is proposed for the SS-411 sun sensor that includes the central point of the CCD array, installation error, filter thickness and sensor misalignment. So, the mutual interfaces between the sensor parameters are considered in the developed model. In order to extract the sensor parameters, a nonlinear optimization technique called the Levenberg–Marquardt is applied to the developed model as a batch algorithm. In addition, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) have been utilized as sequential strategies. It will be shown that by considering a worst case of variation amount for sensor parameters, an accuracy improvement of about 17° is achieved by the developed calibration algorithms. Comparison between the developed algorithms represents that UKF has higher accuracy, shorter time convergence but higher computational load.     

数据链航迹延迟与 ESM点迹间断融合跟踪

数据链与电子支援措施(Electronic Supporting Measures,ESM)融合跟踪是 1种典型的异类多传感器信息融合。针对数据链航迹存在延迟和 ESM点迹间断情况下的数据链航迹与 ESM点迹融合跟踪,提出了复杂情况下的数据链与 ESM融合跟踪方法,并对融合跟踪的精度进行分析研究。首先,对数据进行时间对准,保证数据链和 ESM数据率一致;然后,通过构造基于不敏变换(Unscented Transformation,UT)的非线性量测转换和误差估计方法,将数据链数据对准到 ESM数据;最后,通过引入随机补偿机制对数据链延迟进行补偿,并与 ESM数据进行关联融合。实验结果表明,有延迟补偿时的融合跟踪精度取决于延迟补偿均值与实际延迟的贴近程度。结果可为信息综合处理装备的发展和设计提供借鉴。     

Interlaced optimal-REQUEST and unscented Kalman filtering for attitude determination

 Aimed at low accuracy of attitude determination because of using low-cost components which may result in non-linearity in integrated attitude determination systems, a novel attitude determination algorithm using vector observations and gyro measurements is presented. The various features of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and optimal-REQUEST (quaternion estimator) algorithms are introduced for attitude determination. An interlaced filtering method is presented for the attitude determination of nano-spacecraft by setting the quaternion as the attitude representation, using the UKF and optimal-REQUEST to estimate the gyro drifts and the quaternion, respectively. The optimal-REQUEST and UKF are not isolated from each other. When the optimal-REQUEST algorithm estimates the attitude quaternion, the gyro drifts are estimated by the UKF algorithm synchronously by using the estimated attitude quaternion. Furthermore, the speed of attitude determination is improved by setting the state dimension to three. Experimental results show that the presented method has higher performance in attitude determination compared to the UKF algorithm and the traditional interlaced filtering method and can estimate the gyro drifts quickly.     

一种用于深空高动态微弱信号的频率估计算法

研究了低载噪比与高动态环境下的深空测控系统频率估计算法,在分析已有方法不足的基础上,提出了一种基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)的闭环载波跟踪方法。此方法结合了锁频环鉴别器和UKF的优点,获得了宽的估计范围,高的估计精度和低的载噪比门限。在分析UKF模型的基础上,此方法还减少了原有UKF算法的运算量。仿真过程模拟了接收机的高动态运动轨迹,结果表明此法具有较好的动态适应能力、收敛性能和跟踪精度,能够有效地完成低载噪比与高动态环境下的频率估计。此法与基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的频率估计算法相比,具有更低的频率估计误差,因此有着良好的应用前景。     

非合作机动目标天基测角定轨研究

在对空间非合作目标天基测角卡尔曼滤波定轨中,目标机动会导致常规卡尔曼滤波器发散.提出一种无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)结合带次优渐消因子的无迹卡尔曼滤波(SFUKF)的滤波定轨方法,目标无机动时使用UKF,在目标机动时使用SFUKF,给出了目标机动的判断准则.仿真结果表明,此滤波方法在目标无机动时有较高的状态估计精度,在目标...     

高斯粒子滤波器及其在非线性估计中的应用

为了解决非线性、非高斯系统估计问题,讨论了一种新的滤波方法——高斯粒子滤波算法。通过基于重要性采样和蒙特卡罗模拟方法得到一高斯分布来近似未知状态变量的后验分布。在符合高斯假设和一定的粒子数的情况下,谈算法可以获得近似最优解。与粒子滤波算法相比,其优点是不需要重采样步骤和不存在粒子退化现象。在滤波精度、运算时间等方面与扩展卡尔曼滤波、Unscented滤波、高斯厄米特滤波及一般的粒子滤波进行了比较分析,仿真结果表明该算法性能优于其他算法。     

非线性估计理论的最新进展

扩展Kalman滤波(EKF)是应用最广的非线性估计方法，然而它存在实现性差、计算量大、估计精度低等缺陷，这些问题起源于。EKF采用了Taylor展开近似。在阐明非线性估计的本质，剖析EKF等传统方法的特点及缺陷的基础上，从非线性估计革新的两条发展思路——非Taylor展开的线性变换及非线性变换出发，分别对插值滤波、Unscented滤波、粒子滤波和神经网络滤波这四种近年来最具特色的新方法进行介绍和评述。通过分析这些方法的工作原理、性能特点、必要性和可行性，将非线性估计最新进展的思想传承、本质内涵、地位与作用予以展现，指出各方法的现存问题、发展潜力和最具可实现性的发展方向。同时强调了各种算法的选取须根据具体应用场合和条件，在主要性能指标之间综合权衡。     

基于UKF和信息融合的航天器自主导航方法

X射线脉冲星导航利用X射线辐射脉冲到达时间 (Time of Arrival, TOA)作为信息输入,星敏感器导航利用星光角距等作为信息输入,是两种不同机理的天文导航方法。提出一种将脉冲星TOA和星敏感器星光角距测量结合的信息融合天文自主导航方法,设计了一种利用激光光量子模拟脉冲星X射线辐射光子的半物理仿真系统用于算法验证,并基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(Unscented Kalman Filter, UKF)使用真轨道参数做了仿真试验。结果表明,基于UKF的信息融合方法比基于EKF（Extended Kalman Filter）的信息融合方法性能更好,与仅使用脉冲星或星敏感器的导航方法相比,能将位置估计精度分别提高52.7%和43.6%,速度估计精度分别提高82.2%和70.5%。