临近空间飞艇艇库外约束及稳定性分析

临近空间飞艇在发放前通常停放在艇库内,一旦离开艇库就不可避免地受到艇库外天气,尤其地面风的影响,不仅影响飞艇发放操作的快捷和安全,而且还事关飞行试验的成败。文章建立了大型飞艇在地面受两侧约束时的力学模型,采用动力学方法,分析了受到地面风作用时飞艇的姿态和约束拉力的变化,得到地面风起时和风速稳定后的解析解,评估了飞艇受到地面风作用时的稳定性和安全性。通过分析得到在两侧约束条件下飞艇对正向风和侧风的承受极限,为临近空间飞艇采用两侧约束方式的可行性提供了判据,也为今后发展临近空间飞艇发放技术提供借鉴。     

复杂热环境下平流层飞艇高空驻留热动力学特性

热问题是平流层飞艇高空驻留期间面临的重点问题之一。分析了太阳辐射、地球反照和红外辐射等热环境因素的时变特征,提出了多节点平流层飞艇热动力学分析模型。该模型可较好地实现平流层飞艇昼夜热动力学特性仿真研究。计算结果表明,季节、纬度和大气对流等因素对平流层飞艇的热动力学特性有着重要影响。     

海上多任务飞机与无人机协同反潜作战研究

海上多任务飞机将成为海军执行海上巡逻侦察和反潜作战的主力航空武器装备,海上多任务飞机与无人机联合编队进行协同反潜作战将是未来航空反潜的发展趋势和重要作战方式之一。介绍P-8A海上多任务飞机主要系统配置和作战能力,分析海上多任务飞机的作战使用以及海上多任务飞机与无人机协同作战的概念和模式,包括协同态势感知和协同攻潜作战,指出了未来海上多任务飞机与无人机协同作战涉及的主要关键技术。     

"人在回路"无人飞艇半实物仿真系统设计与实现

为开展某型无人飞艇系统的地面集成及飞行仿真试验,基于VxWorks实时操作系统、Matlab/Simulink和RTW(Real Time Workshop)快速原型建模仿真软件、FUTABA数据采集系统和三维视景系统,开发了具有高精度、高实时性的半实物仿真平台以及仿真软件.该系统的最大创新点是加入了FUTABA遥控设备以及PWM(Pulse Width Modulation)/RS-422的信号转换模块,从而将飞行员的视觉感受及操纵输出接入到仿真回路中,实现了在全遥控、半自主和自主3种模式下的"人在回路"仿真.仿真试验结果表明:"人在回路"的飞行仿真试验可验证控制律的3种模式切换功能以及姿态、航迹控制效果,提高了飞行员对该型飞行器的操纵熟练程度,可以实现在应急情况下直接控制无人飞艇平稳着陆.      

浮升混合飞艇气动性能及总体参数分析

为了兼顾飞艇的气动性能和浮升特性,充分发挥二者的优势,并增强可控性,提出了一种基于NACA高升力翼型的组合嚢体式混合飞艇气动布局.采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法建立混合飞艇FLUENT计算模型,数值模拟了它在不同速度和迎角下的升阻特性、纵向静稳定性及浮升特性,并进行了总体性能评估,最后将其与常规飞艇进行了对比.结果表明:该组合嚢体飞艇布局具有较好的气动性能和效率,相同条件下提供的动升力为常规飞艇的3倍;当飞行速度大于26 m/s时,混合飞艇总升力效率开始大于常规飞艇,能够提供更好的浮升特性.此外,相同设计载荷下混合飞艇的外形尺寸更小,有利于增加有效载荷,可为低空大型混合飞艇的研发提供参考.      

UAV navigation in high dynamic environments: A deep reinforcement learning approach

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) navigation is aimed at guiding a UAV to the desired destinations along a collision-free and efficient path without human interventions, and it plays a crucial role in autonomous missions in harsh environments. The recently emerging Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) methods have shown promise for addressing the UAV navigation problem, but most of these methods cannot converge due to the massive amounts of interactive data when a UAV is navigating in high dynamic environments, where there are numerous obstacles moving fast. In this work, we propose an improved DRL-based method to tackle these fundamental limitations. To be specific, we develop a distributed DRL framework to decompose the UAV navigation task into two simpler sub-tasks, each of which is solved through the designed Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based DRL network by using only part of the interactive data. Furthermore, a clipped DRL loss function is proposed to closely stack the two sub-solutions into one integral for the UAV navigation problem. Extensive simulation results are provided to corroborate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of the convergence and effectiveness compared with those of the state-of-the-art DRL methods.     

An intelligent target detection method of UAV swarms based on improved KM algorithm

Complete and efficient detection of unknown targets is the most popular application of UAV swarms. Under most situations, targets have directional characteristics so that they can only be successfully detected within specific angles. In such cases, how to coordinate UAVs and allocate optimal paths for them to efficiently detect all the targets is the primary issue to be solved. In this paper, an intelligent target detection method is proposed for UAV swarms to achieve real-time detection requirements. First, a target-feature-information-based disintegration method is built up to divide the search space into a set of cubes. Theoretically, when the cubes are traversed, all the targets can be detected. Then, a Kuhn-Munkres (KM)-algorithm-based path planning method is proposed for UAVs to traverse the cubes. Finally, to further improve search efficiency, a 3D real-time probability map is established over the search space which estimates the possibility of detecting new targets at each point. This map is adopted to modify the weights in KM algorithm, thereby optimizing the UAVs’ paths during the search process. Simulation results show that with the proposed method, all targets, with detection angle limitations, can be found by UAVs. Moreover, by implementing the 3D probability map, the search efficiency is improved by 23.4%–78.1%.     

弹性变形对柔性飞艇气动特性的影响

设计加工具有相同几何外形的刚性飞艇模型和可变内压的柔性飞艇模型,并进行了低速风洞实验。研究了内压变化对柔性模型阻力和俯仰力矩特性的影响,比较了柔性模型和刚性模型气动特性的差异。实验结果表明,随着内压的增加柔性模型的阻力呈下降趋势;对于具有相同几何外形的柔性和刚性模型,柔性模型的阻力明显大于刚性模型;刚性模型的尾翼对俯仰力矩的影响较大。     

平流层飞艇流固耦合分析方法研究

平流层飞艇为了在平流层环境下获得足够的浮力,要求其体积庞大,由于跨度较大的充气柔性气囊结构容易发生变形,使得流固耦合特性非常显著。针对该类飞行器的流固耦合方法的研究是对其流固耦合特性分析的首要条件。本文基于流体动力学计算软件FLUENT和结构动力学分析软件ABAQUS,形成了分析平流层飞艇这类大型柔性充气结构流固耦合特性的非线性动态流体－结构交错积分耦合法。通过充气的圆球薄膜的解析解和NACA65A006机翼颤振特性的实验结果与计算结果的比较对该方法的有效性进行了分析。这为平流层飞艇流固耦合问题的研究提供了一种有效的分析工具,并对某平流层飞艇的突风干扰响应特性进行了分析,得出其流固耦合特性的变化规律。     

美国平流层飞艇发展计划和研制进展

分析了美国近期平流层飞艇的发展计划和研制进展。资料表明,由于平流层飞艇在国土防御和解决局部危机或冲突中具有重要的作用,美国军方各兵种对平流层飞艇有着明确而紧迫的需求,已将之列入到一些重要的军事规划中。目前其主要关键技术取得了突破,实现了平流层高度的飞行试验验证,平流层飞艇研制已进入实质性研制阶段。