颗粒相对固体火箭发动机稳定性影响的大涡模拟研究

为研究颗粒相对固体火箭发动机(SRM)稳定性的影响,在考虑颗粒燃烧和两相间耦合的条件下时模型固体火箭发动机内部多相湍流进行了大涡模拟.结果发现:在颗粒相的作用下,发动机上游形成了强度很小的小尺度湍流;在主燃烧室可观察到颗粒相具抑制大尺度湍流向流场核心区和近壁区渗透的作用,抑制作用受颗粒大小和含量的影响.颗粒相可增加小尺度的湍流扰动,但同时也抑制了主燃烧室内大尺度湍流的不稳定性.     

Perpendicular transport of charged particles: Results for the unified nonlinear transport theory derived from the Newton–Lorentz equation

The perpendicular diffusion coefficient is calculated by combining a recently developed Unified Nonlinear Transport (UNLT) theory with the Newton–Lorentz equation. The total perpendicular mean free path can be described as a combination of a guiding center contribution and a microscopic contribution. It is shown that the total mean free path depends strongly on the energy range of the turbulence power spectrum and on particle energy. Further, a slab/2D composite model is used to investigate the influence of each contribution to the total mean free path for a quasi-3D turbulence model. For pure 2D turbulence the UNLT reduces to the NLGC-theory. For pure slab turbulence the guiding center contribution is subdiffusive in accordance with simulations and the theorem on reduced dimensionality. Conversely, the microscopic contribution is non-zero, which has to be interpreted as normal diffusion.     

SST二方程湍流模型在高超声速绕流中的可压缩修正

为模拟高速可压缩湍流问题,对剪应力输运（SST）湍流模型进行了可压缩修正。数值格式采用改进的总变差减小（TVD）格式,并对湍流模型的负值强制项进行了隠式处理。在此基础上计算了绕平板以及基本无分离和具有分离流动结构的压缩拐角的高超声速流动。计算结果和实验数据及半经验公式的对比表明：SST湍流模型的可压缩影响项为密度加权脉动速度的平均与压力梯度的标量乘积。经可压缩修正后的SST湍流模型与原模型及其它可压缩修正模型相比,所计算的壁面压力、摩擦阻力和壁面热流分布具有更高的精度。     

Comparison of the magnetic field before the subsolar magnetopause with the magnetic field in the solar wind before the bow shock

Crossings of the magnetopause near the subsolar point are analyzed using data of THEMIS mission. Variations of the magnetic field near magnetopause measured by one of THEMIS satellites are studied and compared with simultaneous measurements in the solar wind by another THEMIS satellite. The time delay of the solar wind arrival at the subsolar point of the magnetopause is taken into account. 30 and 90 s averaging of the magnetic field in the magnetosheath is produced. The results of averaging are compared with the results of measurements in the solar wind before the bow shock and foreshock. It is shown, that _Bx$B_x$ component of the magnetic field near magnetopause is near to zero, which supports the possibility to consider the magnetopause as the tangential discontinuity. Comparatively good correlation of _By$B_y$ component in the solar wind and near the magnetopause is observed. The correlation of _Bz$B_z$ component near the magnetopause and IMF is practically absent, the sign of the _Bz$B_z$ near the subsolar point does not coincide with the sign of IMF _Bz$B_z$ in ∼$\sim$30% cases.     

A transient bulk flow model with circular whirl motion for rotordynamic coefficients of annular seals

Bulk flow model with perturbation simplification has been used to calculate rotordynamic coefficients in annular seals which have significant influences on the dynamic behavior of rotors in turbomachinery. In this work, a transient bulk flow model with arbitrary rotor motion is developed, and the boundary conditions and friction factor in the model are calibrated with steady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The numerical solution scheme is developed based on the finite element method to obtain the transient reaction force in the seal clearance. With a periodic circular rotor orbit, the transient forces at multiple whirling frequencies are used to evaluate the rotordynamic coefficients. The leakage flowrate of CFD analysis has good agreement with experimental results and the calibrated parameters in bulk flow model are dependent on operating conditions. Although CFD calibration improves the accuracy of the perturbed bulk flow model, the direct damping is overestimated and the cross-coupled damping is underestimated. Compared with the perturbed model, the predictions of the transient bulk flow model are more agreeable with the experiment.     

Effects of various dissipation range onset models on the 26-day variations of low-energy galactic cosmic-ray electrons

The effect of various models presented by Leamon et al. (2000) for the dissipation range cutoff wavenumber on the 26-day variations of galactic cosmic-ray electrons in a Fisk-Parker hybrid field is investigated, by means of a three-dimensional steady-state numerical modulation code. Analytical expressions for the mean free paths parallel and perpendicular to the heliospheric magnetic field are adapted from the works of 31 and 28, respectively. Note that only solar minimum conditions are considered, and that only qualitative agreement with data is sought. Effective diffusion for galactic electrons pertaining to 26-day variations is found to be dominated by the ratio of the perpendicular to parallel mean free paths at low energies, and the relationship between changes in cosmic-ray intensities and the modulation parameter postulated by Zhang (1997) is found to no longer hold when this ratio drops below a critical value. Use of ion inertial scale dependent models for the dissipation range cutoff leads to possible second linearities in the relative amplitudes as functions of latitude gradient.     

气膜出流对叶片内表面换热系数影响的实验研究和计算

本文用实验和数值计算的方法研究了气膜出流对通道内壁换热系数分布的影响,研究的重点是在三维湍流状况下气膜孔间距比的变化和进气雷诺数等因素的影响规律。研究结果表明:在所研究的范围内,湍流对流换热系数比层流换热系数有数量级上的增加,换热系数随着雷诺数的增大而增大,孔间距比的变化对换热系数的影响不是单调的,内壁的换热特性在孔的间距比变化时并没有明显的变化。      

旋转固体发动机燃烧室燃气湍流流动数值模拟

采用贴体坐标系和ＳＩＭＰＬＥ法,对固体发动机在旋转热试车条件下的燃烧室内流场进行了数值模拟。不同燃烧时刻的计算结果表明： 旋转对固体发动机燃烧室燃气流动结构的影响随着燃烧肉厚的退移而显著增强; 在发动机药柱的前翼燃烧消失后, 前封头开口区域的切向涡开始变得强烈; 切向涡的分布呈现Ｒａｎｋｉｎｅ 涡的特点, 在发动机前开口区域涡的固核半径极小, 旋转速度极大, 这将严重影响该区域的热防护, 应引起有关设计人员的高度重视。     

固体火箭超燃冲压发动机燃烧性能影响因素研究

为了获得以飞行马赫数5.5巡航工作的固体火箭超燃冲压发动机燃烧性能影响因素,开展了地面直连试验和数值模拟研究.利用数值手段研究了固体燃气喷注方式、扰流装置的形式以及燃烧室扩张比等因素对燃烧室性能的影响规律,获得了高燃烧效率(≥90％)的壁面垂直喷注式发动机燃烧室构型.研究表明:(1)壁面垂直喷注方式能增强富燃燃气与空气...