液体火箭发动机推力室冷却通道传热优化计算

采用标准K-ε两方程湍流模型对液体火箭发动机推力室再生冷却通道三维湍流流动与传热过程进行了数值预测，冷却工质为氢气，其密度、导热系数、动力粘度随着温度和压力而变化，通过两种优化方案来改变推力室冷却通道的深宽比。方案一为保持冷却通道的深度及肋宽不变，通过改变推力室壁面通道个数来改变通道的深宽比，方案二为保持通道数目不变，通过增加或降低通道高度来改变通道的深宽比。以此计算在不同通道深宽比下推力室壁面的传热特性，并进行了优化分析。计算结果表明：存在着一个最佳冷却通道个数，使得推力室壁面再生冷却效果达到最佳；在相同质量流量下，降低通道高度能够强化推力室传热，但同时增加了进出口压差。     

液体火箭发动机推力室冷却通道流动与传热数值研究

采用气固耦合算法对液体火箭发动机推力室再生冷却通道的流动与传热过程进行了三维湍流流动与传热数值模拟，冷却工质为氢气，其密度、导热系数、动力粘度随着温度和压力而变化。应用大涡模拟及标准k-ε双方程模型两种湍流模型分别进行数值模拟，详细揭示了再生冷却通道固体区和流体区内的速度场和温度场，并在不同的计算网格数目下对两种湍流模型的计算结果进行了对比。结果表明，在相同的网格条件下，标准k-ε双方程模型与实验数据的吻合精度比大涡模拟模型更好，且满足工程计算精度。随着网格数的增加，大涡模拟的计算精度逐渐得到改善。     

Self-similar stochastic processes in solar wind turbulence

Solar wind data is used to estimate the autocorrelation function for the stochastic process x(τ) = y(t + τ) − y(t), considered as a function of τ, where y(t) is any one of the quantities B²(t), n_p(t)V²(t), or n_p(t). This process has stationary increments and a variance that increases like a power law τ^2γ where γ is the scaling exponent. For the kinetic energy density and the proton density the scaling exponent is close to the Kolmogorov value γ = 1/3, for the magnetic energy density it is slightly larger. In all three cases, it is shown that the autocorrelation function estimated from the data agrees with the theoretical autocorrelation function for a self-similar stochastic process with stationary increments and finite variance. This is far from proof, but it suggests that these stochastic processes may be self-similar for time scales in the small scale inertial range of the turbulence, that is, from approximately 10 to 10³ s.     

A heuristic derivation of an improved analytical theory for perpendicular diffusion of charged particles

A heuristic derivation of an improved nonlinear guiding center theory for perpendicular diffusion of charged particles is presented. This new derivation complements previous work which is based on an indirect solution of the Fokker–Planck equation. The new derivation confirms the improved theory for diffusion of charged particles and makes the validity of the theory plausible.     

Detrend effect on the scalograms of GPS power scintillation

The study of amplitude scintillation on GPS radio links is usually done after detrending the time series of the transmitted power so to define scintillations as the chaotic fluctuation around a unitary value. In a sense, the choice of how to detrend the time series is part of the definition of scintillation.     

Growth of hydrodynamic perturbations in accretion disks: Possible route to non-magnetic turbulence

We study the possible origin of hydrodynamic turbulence in cold accretion disks such as those in star-forming systems and quiescent cataclysmic variables. As these systems are expected to have neutral gas, the turbulent viscosity is likely to be hydrodynamic in origin, not magnetohydrodynamic. Therefore, MRI will be sluggish or even absent in such disks. Although there are no exponentially growing eigenmodes in a hydrodynamic disk because of the non-normal nature of the eigenmodes, a large transient growth in the energy is still possible, which may enable the system to switch to a turbulent state. For a Keplerian disk, we estimate that the energy will grow by a factor of 1000 for a Reynolds number close to a million.     

82-92km高度范围大气湍流能量耗散率的一个个例研究

使用Chaff和落球火箭测量的垂直速度和温度数据研究湍流结构和它的产生.结果表明湍流存在多层桔构.在强湍流层,动力不稳定,和MST雷达回波功率间有好的相关,认为强湍流层和雷达回波与动力不稳定有关.水平速度垂直波数谱表明,观测谱与他和谱模式有极好的一致,认为强湍流层和雷达回波通过动力不稳定直接与重力波饱和相联系.      

基于非交错有限体积格式和 k-ω 湍流模型模拟叶栅湍流分离流动

发展了一种求解任意坐标系下二维Ｎ－Ｓ方程的非交错有限体积法和一种高阶ＴＶＤ对流格式。采用一种ｋ－ω湍流模型和几种不同的ｋ－ω模型对叶栅湍流分离流动进行了详细的分析。数值结果与得到的实验结果比较表明,此方法不仅精度高,而且具有较好的数值稳定性。     

守恒型可压缩一维湍流方法及其在超声速标量混合层中的应用

一维湍流（ODT）方法是一种能在一维计算域上遵循湍流基本物理规律的湍流建模方法。通过结合确定性和随机性求解方法,能够在一维计算域上准确捕捉到湍流统计规律,且降维建模可显著减小计算量。ODT方法主要被广泛用于不可压湍流和湍流燃烧研究,若要将其拓展用于模拟高速可压缩湍流,需对建模方法进行深度改进。相比于不可压ODT方法,本文基于欧拉参考框架,针对可压缩湍流的特性,将因变量由原始变量改为有利于减小可压缩湍流模拟误差的守恒通量,并加入了组分求解模块。对确定性和随机性求解模块均进行了相应的深度改进,开发出具有标量混合模拟功能的守恒型可压缩ODT方法。在确定性模块中改为求解以守恒通量为变量的一维截断控制方程,在随机性模块中构造一维涡时,将三联映射的作用对象也相应地由原始变量改为守恒通量,并选用了可保证变密度情况下动量守恒的双核变换。通过模拟空间发展超声速平面湍流混合层并将自相似阶段结果与实验结果比对,验证该方法对可压缩剪切湍流场中标量混合的捕捉精度。守恒型可压缩ODT方法模拟得到的速度场和组分场的平均剖面和脉动强度分布与实验结果准确吻合,精度明显优于传统的耦合梯度扩散亚格子模型的大涡模拟方法（LES-GRAD.DIFF.）以及耦合线性涡（LEM）亚格子模型的大涡模拟方法（LES-LEM）,且该方法的降维处理使其在降低计算成本方面具有显著优势。     

Stochastic processes for line shapes and intensities

Stochastic processes provide flexible and fast calculations for modeling dynamical interactions between an atom and charged particles. We use a stochastic renewal process for the plasma microfield being the cause of Stark broadening. The accuracy and improvement possibilities of Lyman profiles calculations with a renewal process are analyzed by comparing to ab initio simulations for ion broadening only. Stochastic processes may also be applied to out of equilibrium plasmas. We present our first results for the effect of Langmuir waves on a line broadened by electrons only, and for the changes of atomic populations submitted to strong temperature fluctuations.