超声速欠膨胀冲击射流流场振荡的数值模拟

为了研究超声速欠膨胀冲击射流自激振荡与喷嘴进出口压比的关系,对轴对称冲击射流进行了数值模拟,计算中采用了雷诺应力模型。结果发现:当喷嘴压比较小时,流场振荡随喷嘴压比的增大而加剧。当压比处于某一范围内时,流场振幅最大,振荡最剧烈。随着压比的继续增大,流场振幅又减小。流场振幅随喷嘴压比的变化与冲击单音强度随喷嘴进出口压比的变化相似,说明流场振荡与冲击单音有内在的关联。     

斜切喷管欠膨胀超声速射流的数值模拟

采用三阶MUSCL TVD格式解三维可压缩平均雷诺纳维尔-斯托克斯方程组，湍流模型为Spalart-Allmaras代数模型，数值模拟了两种斜切角喷管在喷口压比为2.0，2．8，3．4和4．0条件下的欠膨胀超声速射流场，获得了射流场流谱和参数分布，计算结果和实验数据符合良好，并给出了喷管斜切角和喷口压强比与射流偏转角和扩张角的分布曲线。     

喷管分离流场计算

固体火箭发动机喷管分离流场是相当复杂的，本研究首先建立了分离流的物理模型，采用ＭａｃＣｏｒｍａｃｋ时间推进格式，并用零方程涡粘模型封闭Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程，计算了一种特型喷管在地面试车时的分离流场，给出了分离图象和出口面参数，本研究所提供的方法还可用于发动机启动过程中喷管的分类计算。     

Turbulent characteristics and rotation correction of wall function in rotating channel with high local rotation parameter

The turbulent fluctuation and the rotation correction of wall function law are investigated in the entrance section of a rotating channel. The one-dimensional hot wire probe and the X-type probe are utilized to measure the boundary layer at four streamwise stations. Through the analysis on the boundary layer near the leading side and trailing side, it is found that the turbulent fluctuation is promoted in the trailing side whereas suppressed in the leading side. This difference is attributed to the Coriolis instability near the trailing side. In addition, considering the local rotation parameter Rc, whose maximum absolute value is 0.014, is larger than that in previous research, whose maximum value is 0.007, the whole process of the relaminarization is captured. To understand this phenomenon better, the effects of the generation term and the Coriolis term in the transport equation of the Reynolds stress are discussed. In addition, the rotation correction of the viscous-Coriolis region and the Coriolis region are discussed, a new revising method for the wall function is proposed.     

正攻角状态下尾迹对低压涡轮附面层的渗透及转捩的影响

为研究正攻角状态下尾迹对低压涡轮附面层的渗透以及转捩过程的影响,分别在设计攻角和+10°攻角下,对高负荷低压涡轮叶型的吸力面附面层流动进行了数值模拟与实验。数值模拟使用CFX软件,采用大涡模拟模型。结果表明+10°攻角下,尾迹对附面层转捩过程的促进作用比设计攻角下更为显著,这是由于正攻角下的尾迹中心射流与吸力面切向的夹角更大,使得尾迹扰动渗透入附面层的深度更深,尾迹放大Klebanoff条纹强度更强,尾迹诱导转捩起始位置更靠上游。     

Heat transfer behaviors of some supercritical fluids:A review

Supercritical fluids(e.g., hydrocarbon fuels, water, carbon dioxide, and organic working medium, etc) have been recognized as working media to improve thermal efficiencies in power cycles and energy conversion, and have been used or selected as the working fluids in engineering fields such as aerospace, nuclear power, solar energy, refrigeration, geothermal energy, chemical technology, and so on. To better understand the interesting characteristic or abnormal behaviors of supercritical fluids, m...     

Ion and electron superdiffusive transport in the interplanetary space

We study the propagation of energetic particles, accelerated by interplanetary shock waves, upstream of the shock. By using the appropriate propagator, we show that in the case of superdiffusive transport, the time profile of particles accelerated at a traveling planar shock is a power-law with slope 0<γ<1$0<\gamma <1$, at variance with the exponential profile obtained for normal diffusion. By analyzing data sets of interplanetary shocks in the solar wind observed by the Ulysses and the Voyager 2 spacecraft, we find that the time profiles of energetic electrons correspond to power-laws, with slopes γ?0.30–0.98$\gamma ?0.30''–''0.98$, implying a mean square displacement 〈Δx²〉∝t^α$〈\mathrm{\Delta }{x}^2〉\propto t^{\alpha }$, with α=2-γ>1$\alpha =2-\gamma >1$, i.e., superdiffusion. In addition, the propagation of ions is also superdiffusive, with α=1.07–1.13$\alpha =1.07''–''1.13$.     

Chaos and multifractals in the solar wind

By using the false-nearest-neighbours method, we have argued that the deterministic component of solar wind plasma dynamics should be low-dimensional. In fact, the results we have obtained using the method of topological embedding indicate that the behaviour of the solar wind can be approximately described by a low-dimensional chaotic attractor in the inertial manifold, which is a subspace of system phase space. We have also shown that the multifractal spectrum of the solar wind attractor is consistent with that for the multifractal measure of the self-similar generalized weighted Cantor set with two different scaling parameters and one probability measure parameter responsible for nonuniform compression in phase space and multifractality. The values of the parameters fitted also demonstrate that the complex solar wind system could only be weakly non-conservative (small dissipation) and quantify nonlinear dynamics; some parts of the attractor in phase space are visited much more frequently than other parts. In addition, to quantify the multifractality of space plasma intermittent turbulence, we consider that generalized Cantor set also in the context of scaling properties of solar wind turbulence. We investigate the resulting multifractal spectrum of a one-dimensional phenomenological model of turbulence cascade depending on its parameters, especially for asymmetric scaling. In particular, we have shown that intermittent pulses are stronger for the cascade model with two different scaling parameters. Even thought solar wind turbulence appears to be rather space filling, a better agreement with the data is obtained, especially for the negative index of generalized dimensions. Therefore we argue that there is a need to use a two-scale asymmetric cascade model. We hope that this generalized multifractal model will be a useful tool for analysis of intermittent turbulence in space plasmas. We thus believe that fractal analysis of chaotic systems could lead us to a deeper understanding of their nature, and maybe even to predict their seemingly unpredictable behaviour.     

基于光强测量毛细超高压水射流集束性的实验研究

准确划分射流集束段和雾化段是研究射流集束性的前提。设计了一种基于光强定量测量集束性的方法。基于该方法对具有尖锐边缘孔口和类流线型出口流道的喷嘴,在超高压喷射条件下形成的水射流结构形态进行分析,并与直柱型出口流道喷嘴射流对比分析。结果表明:光强测量法能够比较准确地划分射流集束段和雾化段,区分雾化段中核心区和气液混合区;毛细超高压水射流的集束性在雷诺数影响下由喷嘴孔口结构、出口流道结构的综合作用决定;在一定雷诺数范围内,具有尖锐边缘孔口和类流线型出口流道的喷嘴有良好的集束性,当雷诺数达到1.8×104~1.9×104时,射流集束段长度趋于恒定;喷嘴出口流道结构通过气流调节,对射流集束性的影响在高雷诺数下可以忽略,空气动力扰动在高雷诺数下对射流集束性影响程度显著降低。     

抗大气湍流近红外计算鬼成像

为解决大气湍流造成成像质量严重下降的问题,提出一种抗大气湍流近红外计算鬼成像方法。计算鬼成像利用调制光场和物光总光强进行强度关联来获取图像信息,调制光场是决定成像质量的一个关键。利用湍流随时间和空间变化,将其作为计算鬼成像中的随机调制光场,通过功率谱反演法模拟强、中、弱三种大气湍流引起的相位扰动影响,并加载到光传播链路中完成抗大气湍流近红外鬼成像仿真分析。利用近红外相机作为探测器搭建计算鬼成像实验系统,并进行外场实验对提出的方法进行实验验证。仿真和实验结果表明,仿真三种不同强度湍流情况和外场条件下均能重构出目标物体的像,仿真图像信噪比分别为19.4 dB、24.2 dB和64.58 dB,表明了计算关联成像在近红外波段抗大气湍流的有效性。该方法结构简单,易于实现,可为近红外抗大气湍流探测提供一种技术途径。