Towards a new reference model of hmF2 for IRI

A numerical model of the peak height of the F2 layer, hmF2_top, is derived from the topside sounding database of 90,000 electron density profiles for a representative set of conditions provided by ISIS1, ISIS2, IK19 and Cosmos-1809 satellites for the period of 1969–1987. The model of regular hmF2 variations is produced in terms of local time, season, geomagnetic latitude, geodetic longitude and solar radio flux. No geomagnetic activity trends were discernible in the topside sounding data. The nighttime peak of hmF2_top evident for mid-latitudes disappears near the geomagnetic equator where a maximum of hmF2_top occurs at sunset hours when it can exceed 500 km at solar maximum. The hmF2 given by the IRI exceeds hmF2_top at the low solar activities. The hmF2_top, obtained by extrapolation of the first derivative of the topside profile to zero shows saturation similar to foF2 the greater the solar activity. The proposed model differs from hmF2 given by IRI based on M(3000)F2 to hmF2 conversion by empirical relationships in terms of foF2, foE and R12 with these quantities mapped globally by the ITU-R (former CCIR) from ground-based ionosonde data. The differences can be attributed to the different techniques of the peak height derivation, different epochs and different global distribution of the source data as well as the different mathematical functions involved in the maps and the model presentation.     

An overview of radar soundings of the martian ionosphere from the Mars Express spacecraft

The Mars Express spacecraft carries a low-frequency radar called MARSIS (Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding) that is designed to study the subsurface and ionosphere of Mars. In this paper, we give an overview of the ionospheric sounding results after approximately one year of operation in orbit around Mars. Several types of ionospheric echoes are commonly observed. These include vertical echoes caused by specular reflection from the horizontally stratified ionosphere; echoes from a second layer in the topside ionosphere, possibly associated with O⁺ ions; oblique echoes from upward bulges in the ionosphere; and a variety of other echoes that are poorly understood. The vertical echoes provide electron density profiles that are in reasonable agreement with the Chapman photo-equilibrium model of planetary ionospheres. On the dayside of Mars the maximum electron density is approximately 2 × 10⁵ cm⁻³. On the nightside the echoes are often very diffuse and highly irregular, with maximum electron densities less than 10⁴ cm⁻³. Surface reflections are sometimes observed in the same frequency range as the diffuse echoes, suggesting that small isolated holes exist in the nightside ionosphere, possibly similar to those that occur on the nightside of Venus. The oblique echoes arise from upward bulges in the ionosphere in regions where the crustal magnetic field of Mars is strong and nearly vertical. The bulges tend to be elongated in the horizontal direction and located in regions between oppositely directed arch-like structures in the crustal magnetic field. The nearly vertical magnetic field lines in the region between the arches are thought to connect into the solar wind, thereby allowing solar wind electrons to heat the lower levels of the ionosphere, with an attendant increase in the scale height and electron density.     

纪念毛泽东主席视察T-7M火箭45周年

196 0年 5月 2 8日毛泽东主席视察了上海机电设计院 (北京空间机电研究所的前身 )负责研制的T - 7M火箭。在毛泽东主席那次视察 4 5周年之际 ,回顾和论述了那次视察的背景、情况和意义。     

The relationship between ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over East Asia and the tropospheric circulation around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau obtained with a partial correlation method

This paper reports a study on the relationship between ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over East Asia and the tropospheric circulation around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Ionospheric TEC over East Asia are obtained from 25 observatories during 1996–2004. By applying a partial correlation method which can eliminate the influences of solar and geomagnetic activities, we find no significant correlation between TEC and the Asian zonal circulation index (Iz), but find a positive correlation between the day-to-day variability of TEC and Iz. We suggest that the positive correlation is closely related with the topography of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The dynamical effect on airflow of the plateau can generate vortexes, and the vortexes may continuously excite internal gravity waves (IGWs) which transmit up to the ionosphere and cause regional wave disturbances. This study gives evidence for the dynamical mechanism of ionosphere–troposphere coupling and shows the importance of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the ionosphere–troposphere coupling over East Asia.     

环绕器次表层探测雷达实时处理技术

环绕器次表层探测雷达能够在环绕轨道实现行星次表层结构高分辨探测,为深入研究行星地质结构提供科学数据,由于深空探测距离地球距离非常遥远,与地球之间的数据传输率很受限制,雷达探测得到的大量原始数据无法通过数据链路传回地球,通过星上实时处理对探测数据进行变换,只回传数据量小得多的处理结果具有非常重要的意义。本文对环绕器次表层探测雷达采用的后向投影算法的实时处理技术进行了详细的分析,给出了工程实现方法。     

Solar wind velocity measurements near the sun using Ulysses radio amplitude correlations at two frequencies

Measurements of solar wind velocity have been derived from simultaneous coronal sounding observations of radio amplitude scintillations at both S-band and X-band during the solar conjunction of the Ulysses spacecraft in August 1991. The signal amplitude was recorded with an averaging time of 1 s. A cross-correlation analysis between S- and X-band amplitude fluctuations shows that the fluctuation signature at S-band appears to be shifted to earlier times with respect to the X-band recording. The time difference is proportional to the coronal separation of the ray paths and inversely proportional to the apparent velocity of plasma inhomogeneities across the ray paths. Preliminary estimates of solar wind speed obtained using model calculations of the differential refraction are found to lie near the expected transition from subsonic to supersonic velocities at solar offset distances of the order of 6–8 R. As a byproduct of the investigation, we find that the transition from weak to saturated scintillation occurs at about 16 R for S-band and 7 R for X-band.     

返回散射电离图干扰噪声的消除方法

返回散射电离图干扰噪声的消除方法程晓梅,郭保华（中国电波传播研究所,新乡４５３００３）关键词返回散射探测,射频干扰,电离图在返回散射探测中,回波信号来自广延的地面散射［１］,遭受到很大的传播损耗,所以典型的返回散射回波信号要比其他探测方式的回波信号弱...     

机载GNSS掩星观测反演大气折射率廓线研究

作为星载掩星技术的推广,基于飞机平台的无线电掩星技术备受关注。为了将机栽掩星技术更好地应用到工程实践中,文章通过介绍机载掩星探测的基本原理和主要特点、模拟仿真,对机载掩星的反演算法进行了探讨,并给出模拟结果：包括利用STK仿真软件生成仿真场景;采用3维射线追踪技术模拟机载无线电掩星,预报掩星事件出现的时间、仰角,模拟信号传播特征;详细研究大气层内折射率反演技术并给出反演结果。研究结果表明,模拟仿真对机载掩星工程化实现是有益的。最后展望了机载掩星探测的发展趋势,提出了弱掩星信号的捕获跟踪、飞机平台的精度定位测速以及反射信号的抗干扰三项技术及工程化中需解决的技术难点。     

基于改进注意力机制CNN-ATT的区域性ZTD预测模型

基于天顶对流层延迟（ZTD）的强时空特征,提出了一种融合卷积神经网络的改进注意力机制（CNN-ATT）的多站点ZTD组合预测模型。该模型首次将多源数据（包括日解算精度、年积日(DOY) 和三维坐标）综合运用于ZTD预测任务。通过对南宁市的5个参考站（CORS）和14个国际GNSS服务（IGS）站点共1 501个年积日的观测数据进行研究,选取传统BP模型、GPT2w模型和ATT模型作为基线模型进行实验对比分析。研究结果显示,在预测精度方面,改进的CNN-ATT模型与BP模型相比其均方误差（MSE）和平均绝对误差（MAE）分别减少了5.5 mm和 4.4 mm,预测精度分别提高了41.4%和67.8%;与ATT模型相比,CNN-ATT模型的预测MSE和MAE也分别减少了4.6 mm和2.1 mm,预测精度分别提升了36.2%和50.0%。在定位精度方面,改进的CNN-ATT模型的精度表现优于SAAS,GPT2w,BP以及ATT模型。并且与传统SAAS对流层模型相比,CNN-ATT模型在N,E,U 3个方向的精度提升高达18.2%,12.6%和31.0%。此外,研究还发现CNN-ATT模型在长预测时间步长中的精度表现更为稳定,更适合多测站预测任务,并且其精密单点定位（PPP）收敛速度更快。