氢/氧火箭发动机试验自动紧急关机程序设计

在氢/氧火箭发动机试验过程中,对发动机关键参数进行监测,及时发现异常或故障趋势,并快速实施自动紧急关机是非常重要的.本文在Pacific 6000数据采集控制系统的基础上,使用Visual C++开发环境对其自带的采集软件PI660进行二次开发,实现高精度自动紧急关机判读功能.在紧急关机程序设计中,定时器的精度直接影响判读的准确性,通过对几种定时器精度的测试和分析,选取“多媒体定时器”用于自动紧急关机程序,并结合Pacif-ic 6000数据采集控制系统的特性,综合分析了自动紧急关机程序的响应时间及可靠性.     

改进的Kohonen 网络在航空发动机分类故障 诊断中的应用

针对传统Kohonen网络对未知样本识别时的不可辨识性和分类结果不惟一性问题,利用改进的Kohonen网络对航空发动机进行分类故障诊断,并利用混合粒子群优化算法对网络连接权值进行优化,以提高Kohonen网络在分类故障诊断中的通用性和容错能力。对GE90发动机的孔探图像纹理特征识别进行对比。结果表明:改进的Kohonen网络在分类故障诊断中有较强的实用性,分类准确率高于常用神经网络模型和支持向量机的。     

基于LQR的飞机纵向控制律设计

介绍了最优二次型理论 LQR,以及加权矩阵 Q的选取。建立了某型固定翼飞机的纵向小扰动方程,利用显模型最优二次型法设计了飞机的纵向控制律,对飞机的 C*响应进行了改善。利用低阶等效系统方法,对飞机的法向过载和俯仰角速率进行拟配,并对设计的控制律进行飞行品质的评价,仿真结果表明所设计的控制律符合 而现代控制理论可以得到系统的状态变量模型,相比éêê ê? GJB 185-86的相关规范。     

舰面流场中起动位置对旋翼瞬态气弹响应影响

为研究舰面流场中直升机起动位置对旋翼瞬态气弹响应影响,通过CFD方法模拟得到舰面流场速度分布信息。旋翼动力学建模采用非线性准定常气动模型和中等变形梁假设,结合不同起动位置对动力学方程进行求解。结果表明:直升机起动位置越靠近舰艏和左舷,桨叶负向挥舞越大。在甲板中心1 m范围内,最靠近舰艏和左舷的位置负向最大位移可达159%旋翼半径,中心处负向最大位移仅为85%旋翼半径,源于靠近舰艏和左舷位置垂向气流变化梯度明显高于舰艉和右舷。研究表明舰面流场垂向气流变化梯度对旋翼瞬态气弹响应影响明显,改变直升机起动位置能有效降低旋翼瞬态气弹响应。     

Coupling Magneto-Electro-Elastic node-based smoothed radial point interpolation method for free vibration and transient analysis of Functionally Graded Magneto-Electro-Elastic structures

A Coupling Magneto-Electro-Elastic (MEE) Node-based Smoothed Radial Point Interpolation Method (CM-NS-RPIM) was proposed to solve the free vibration and transient responses of Functionally Graded Magneto-Electro-Elastic (FGMEE) structures. By introducing the modified Newmark method, the displacement, electrical potential and magnetic potential of the structures under transient mechanical loading were obtained. Based on G space theory and the weakened weak (W²) formulation, the equations of the multi-physics coupling problems were derived. Using triangular background elements, the free vibration and transient responses of three numerical examples were studied. Results proved that CM-NS-RPIM performed better than the standard FEM by reducing the overly-stiff of structures. Moreover, CM-NS-RPIM could reduce the number of nodes while guaranteeing the accuracy. Besides, triangular elements could be generated automatically even for complex geometries. Therefore, the effectiveness and validity of CM-NS-RPIM were demonstrated, which were valuable for the design of intelligence devices, such as energy harvesters and sensors.     

Aeroelastic dynamic response of elastic aircraft with consideration of two-dimensional discrete gust excitation

Design loads generally require a one-dimensional discrete gust profile without consideration of the spanwise effect, and this profile cannot represent the true gust field exactly. For a high aspect ratio aircraft, two-dimensional gusts may cause critical load conditions, and approaches for calculating dynamic responses under two-dimensional discrete gust excitation are rarely presented. In this paper, a spanwise non-uniform vertical discrete gust field is established based on a one-dimensional ‘1-cos’ gust profile in reference to a DARPA proposal, while frequency and hybrid approaches to the dynamic response analysis of flexible aircraft under this two-dimensional gust excitation are presented. Solution techniques have been applied to a high aspect ratio aircraft to assess the different response characteristics with a comparison between one-dimensional and two-dimensional discrete gust field conditions. The results show that the two-dimensional discrete gust model produces a higher bending moment than that of the one-dimensional condition. Therefore, the critical load conditions that are derived from the two-dimensional discrete gust for high aspect ratio aircraft should be seriously considered. According to the analysis, an active control scheme to alleviate the bending loads caused by the two-dimensional gust is designed, and alleviation effects in different gust conditions are compared.     

针栓变推力固体火箭发动机动态响应特性研究

为了解针栓式固体发动机的动态响应特性,基于可变等效喉部面积的调控内弹道模型,研究了针栓型面及其调节过程对发动机动态响应的影响。结果表明:针栓式变推力固体发动机响应时间以及推力响应的动态特性与针栓移动速度、针栓型面以及推进剂压力指数密切相关。发动机响应时间由针栓移动时间和针栓移动造成的压力延迟时间组成;随针栓移动速度增大,针栓移动过程与压力延迟过程相对比重发生变化,使得响应时间先快速缩短后趋向于定值,由32ms缩短至11.6ms,而推力过冲逐渐增大,但在针栓打开过程中响应时间更短,推力过冲更大,并且计算表明压力和等效喉部面积的相对变化率决定了推力过冲;随着正压力指数的增大,压力调节范围增大,推力过冲和响应时间均增加,而负压力指数的推进剂明显缩短响应时间,抑制推力过冲;凸型面针栓能够缩短响应时间同时降低推力过冲,可根据等效喉部面积相对变化率获得最佳型面曲率,使得响应时间和推力过冲最小。     

狭缝斜肋内冷通道流动和换热特性的数值研究

为了探究狭缝斜肋的流动和换热特性,进一步挖掘传统斜肋的性能,采用数值模拟的方法,研究了五种不同位置和倾斜角度的狭缝对45°斜肋流动和换热特性的影响,计算的进口雷诺数为2×104～8×104,并与传统的实心肋进行了对比分析。结果表明,狭缝的存在显著改变了冷却通道的流动结构以及换热分布,降低了冷却通道的阻力损失,减小了通道整体的强化换热系数,但同时增加了肋片表面的强化换热系数,且狭缝的位置和倾斜角度的不同对通道性能也存在一定的影响。对比综合热效率,狭缝斜肋相比实心肋增加了约12%～15%。     

Application of Active Flow Control Technique for Gust Load Alleviation

A new gust load alleviation technique is presented in this paper based on active flow control. Numerical studies are conducted to investigate the beneficial effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of the quasi "Global Hawk" airfoil using arrays of jets during the gust process. Based on unsteady Navier-Stokes equations, the grid-velocity method is introduced to simulate the gust influence, and dynamic response in vertical gust flow perturbation is investigated for the airfoil as well. An unsteady surface transpiration boundary condition is enforced over a user specified portion of the airfoil’s surface to emulate the time dependent velocity boundary conditions. Firstly, after applying this method to simulate typical NACA0006 airfoil gust response to a step change in the angle of attack, it shows that the indicial responses of the airfoil make good agreement with the exact theoretical values and the calculated values in references. Furthermore, gust response characteristic for the quasi "Global Hawk" airfoil is analyzed. Five kinds of flow control techniques are introduced as steady blowing, steady suction, unsteady blowing, unsteady suction and synthetic jets. The physical analysis of the influence on the effects of gust load alleviation is proposed to provide some guidelines for practice. Numerical results have indicated that active flow control technique,as a new technology of gust load alleviation, can affect and suppress the fluid disturbances caused by gust so as to achieve the purpose of gust load alleviation.     

250座级翼身融合无尾布局客机操稳特性设计研究

 翼身融合(BWB)飞翼布局是未来新一代客机的热点方案之一,然而由于没有常规尾翼,面临着稳定性和操纵性方面的困难。为此,在一架250座级BWB客机布局设计研究基础上,根据平衡、增稳和机动等要求,设计了操纵面配置方案;根据适航要求和电传飞机飞行品质要求设定增稳目标,并将其直接纳入特征结构配置要求中,通过前向通道修正响应类型,保证获得与飞行阶段相适应的响应特征和满意的飞行品质参数;为了提高安全性,在增稳控制设计基础上,在指令回路增设了姿态保护和限制模块。研究结果表明, 该设计方案能够提供较合适的稳定性和操纵性,控制增稳后具有满意的飞行品质,保护模块可达到预期效果。