Experimental investigation of transient thermal behavior of an airship under different solar radiation and airflow conditions

Knowledge of the thermal behavior of airships is crucial to the development of airship technology. An experiment apparatus is constructed to investigate the thermal response characteristics of airships, and the transient temperature distributions of both hull and inner gas are obtained under the irradiation of a solar simulator and various airflow conditions. In the course of the research, the transient temperature change of the experimental airship is measured for four airflow speeds of 0 m/s (natural convection), 3.26 m/s, 5.5 m/s and 7.0 m/s, and two incident solar radiation values of 842.4 W/m² and 972.0 W/m². The results show that solar irradiation has significant influence on the airship hull and inner gas temperatures even if the airship stays in a ground airflow environment where the heat transfer is dominated by radiation and convection. The airflow around the airship is conducive to reduce the hull temperature and temperature nonuniformity. Transient thermal response of airships rapidly varies with time under solar radiation conditions and the hull temperature remains approximately constant in ∼5–10 min. Finally, a transient thermal model of airship is developed and the model is validated through comparison with the experimental data.     

燃气轮机过渡过程中叶尖间隙估算及间隙变化对加速过程的影响

给出了一种估算燃气轮机加、减速过程中叶尖间隙及效率随时间变化的简化方法。算例结果与国外文献的对比表明该方法是可行的且有一定的准确度。      

出/入口面积相等的收缩-扩张孔气膜冷却特性

采用一种可进行全表面测量的瞬态液晶测量技术测量了一种出口面积与入口面积相等的收缩扩张形孔的气膜冷却特性,研究了动量比(0.5,1,2,4)的影响,并与传统的出口面积小于入口面积的收缩扩张形孔的气膜冷却特性进行了对比。结果表明:收缩扩张形孔射流均完全覆盖了孔下游壁面,射流的交汇以及对涡结构使得孔中心线附近区域的冷却效率较低,而孔间区域的冷却效率较高。在上游区域,孔间区域的换热系数比相对孔中心线附近区域的较高,而在下游区域,对涡结构又使得孔间区域的换热系数比相对较低。出口-入口面积比不同的两种收缩扩张形孔的冷却效率分布规律和换热系数比分布规律都比较相似,但出口-入口面积比为1的收缩扩张形孔的冷却效率以及上游区域的换热系数比的数值都相对较低。而且出口-入口面积比为1的收缩扩张形孔的流量系数明显高于出口-入口面积比小于1的收缩扩张形孔。     

基于动态边界的跨声速压气机过渡态三维模拟方法

针对航空涡轮发动机部件的过渡态,提出了一种基于压气机部件三维模型的过渡态性能计算方法,采用动态边界条件,以转速和出口静压为过渡过程的控制参数,二阶向后欧拉法求解三维非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程组,通过三维非定常模拟获得压气机的过渡态性能和内部非定常流场特征。以NASA跨声速压气机Rotor 67转子为模型,采用该方法模拟了压气机从60%设计转速加速至100%设计转速的过渡过程,获得了压气机过渡态性能及转子内部详细的激波结构与演变过程。对比通用特性结果,在整个过渡曲线上,总压比相对误差最大值小于6%,绝热效率相对误差最大值小于2%,验证了该方法的可靠性。结论表明:基于动态边界的三维非定常模拟方法能够准确模拟压气机的过渡态性能,并反映出过渡态的非定常流场详细信息。     

MF雷达观测的潮汐变化特征及与GSWM的比较

利用安装于Andoya Rocket Range(69.14°N,16.02°E)的3 MHz、窄波束中频雷达2006年7月14日至8月14日之间的观测数据,研究了潮汐的变化特点并与GSWM模式的结果进行了比较.结果表明,在78～94km潮汐的纬向和经向分量随着高度的增加都经历了由弱到强然后减弱的过程.这说明潮汐在上传过程中很可能与其他波动相互作用而发生不稳定,在不稳定区域上方又生成新的潮汐波继续稳定地向上传播,或者有重力波等其他波动在此区域沉积动量导致潮汐振幅增大.潮汐振幅除了在垂直方向上发生变化,它随着时间演化也表现出显著的短期变化特点,逐日变化强度有时可达到3倍左右.结合近来的研究结果,可以认为,重力波的不稳定和破碎也可能是造成这种瞬态变化的原因之一.与GSWM-00模式的比较说明, GSWM-00模式能够较好地预测出周日潮汐的振幅和相位,而对半日潮汐的预测结果并不理想.     

Possible influence of solar extreme events and related geomagnetic disturbances on human cardio-vascular state: Results of collaborative Bulgarian–Azerbaijani studies

This collaborative study is based on the analysis and comparison of results of coordinated experimental investigations conducted in Bulgaria and Azerbaijan for revealing a possible influence of solar activity changes and related geomagnetic activity variations on the human cardio-vascular state. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate of 86 healthy volunteers were measured on working days during a period of comparatively high solar and geomagnetic activity (2799 measurements in autumn 2001 and spring 2002) in Sofia. Daily experimental investigations of parameters of cardio-vascular health state were performed in Azerbaijan with a permanent group of examined persons. Heart rate and electrocardiograms were digitally registered (in total 1532 records) for seven functionally healthy persons on working days and Saturdays, in the Laboratory of Heliobiology at the Medical Center INAM in Baku, from 15.07.2006 to 13.11.2007. Obtained digital recordings were subjected to medical, statistical and spectral analyses. Special attention was paid to effects of solar extreme events, particularly those of November 2001 and December 2006. The statistical method of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc analysis were applied to check the significance of the influence of geomagnetic activity on the cardio-vascular parameters under consideration. Results revealed statistically significant increments for the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure values of the group with geomagnetic activity increase. Arterial blood pressure values started increasing two days prior to geomagnetic storms and kept their high values up to two days after the storms. Heart rate reaction was ambiguous and not significant for healthy persons examined (for both groups) under conditions with geomagnetic activity changes. It is concluded that heart rate for healthy persons at middle latitudes can be considered as a more stable physiological parameter which is not so sensitive to environmental changes while the dynamics of arterial blood pressure reveals a compensatory reaction of the human organism for adaptation.     

Thermal neutrons’ response to the GLEs

Thermal neutrons’ flux near the Earth’s crust is very sensitive regarding different processes and phenomena both in the near-Earth space and in the Earth’s crust by reason of the dual nature of the thermal neutron flux. Its first source is associated with high-energy particles of cosmic rays penetrating into the Earth’s atmosphere and interacting with its elements. The second source originates from the radioactive gases contained in the Earth’s crust. So the contributions of these two sources are specified by the Earth’s crust conditions and its movements, on one hand and variations of high-energy particles flux near the Earth.     

湿热环境对正交铺设层合剪切板自由振动及动力响应的影响

基于Reddy高阶剪切变形板理论，用双重Fourier级数展开法求得了材料物性参数受湿热环境影响的四边简支纤维增强正交铺设层合剪切板的自由振动及动力响应的解析解，并讨论了湿热环境及纤维体积含量对固有频率及动力响应的影响。     

结合光球磁场特征物理量的质子事件短期预报

利用描述太阳活动区光球磁场复杂性和非势性特征的三个物理量(纵向磁场最大水平梯度|▽_hB_z |_m, 强梯度中性线长度L, 孤立奇点数目η)建立了质子事件短期预报模型, 验证了磁场特征物理量对质子事件短期预报的有效性. 目前已建立或使用的太阳质子事件短期预报模型中仍然没有正式将磁场特征物理量作为预报因子. 由于太阳质子事件是小概率事件, 其物理产生机制尚不完全清楚, 这些预报模型往往存在虚报率偏高或报准率偏低的问题. 本文试图将原有质子事件模型所用的传统因子与磁场特征物理量结合起来, 利用神经网络方法建立一个更为有效的质子事件短期预报模型. 利用1997--2001年的训练数据集1871个样本建立了输入层为传统预报因子的模型A以及输入层为传统预报因子和磁场特征物理量的模型B. 通过对2002--2003年973个样本的测试数据集进行模拟预报发现, 模型A与B在具有相同质子事件报准率的情况下, 模型B的虚报率明显降低. 这进一步验证了磁场特征物理量在质子事件短期预报中的作用, 进而可以加强对太阳质子事件的实际预报能力.      

由高能电子引发的风云二号C星跳变事件概率分析

通过对地球同步轨道高能电子监测数据(来自GOES)与风云二号卫星跳变事件的对比分析发现, 跳变事件均发生在高能电子增强事件即所谓高能电子暴期间, 因此初步断定, 跳变事件与高能电子引起的卫星介质深层充放电事件有关. 通过对不同通量高能电子增强事件期间所发生的跳变事件发生率进行量化计算, 给出跳变事件发生概率的计算方法, 为卫星在轨运行管理及防护提供参考.