固体推进剂热松弛时间分析与测定

为研究点火前固体推进剂内传热过程，分析了傅里叶定律和修正的傅里叶定律的数学物理意义及其适用范围和判断准则；解释了瞬态传热过程中的热松弛现象，测量了固体推进剂热松弛时间，据此推断推进剂内瞬态传热过程应采用修正的傅里叶定律描述。     

基于扩张状态观测器的高空台进气环境模拟控制技术研究

针对航空发动机高空台推力瞬变等过渡态试验对进气环境模拟控制系统所提出的强抗扰性、强鲁棒性的迫切需求,设计了一种基于扩张状态观测器（ESO）的高空台进气环境模拟主动抗扰控制技术方法。首先分析了现有高空台过渡态环境模拟的技术特点和高品质控制指标难于实现的原因;其次设计线性自抗扰控制器（LADRC）和一体化并行控制器（IPC）;最后通过仿真对高空台进气环境模拟主动抗扰控制方法进行了验证。结果表明,应用基于扩张状态观测器的主动抗扰控制技术能够大幅提高发动机过渡态试验中进气环境模拟的动态响应速度、控制精度和抗扰动能力。     

Comparing proton fluxes of central meridian SEP events with those predicted by SOLPENCO

We have developed an operational code, SOLPENCO, that can be used for space weather prediction schemes of solar energetic particle (SEP) events. SOLPENCO provides proton differential flux and cumulated fluence profiles from the onset of the event up to the arrival of the associated traveling interplanetary shock at the observer’s position (either 1.0 or 0.4 AU). SOLPENCO considers a variety of interplanetary scenarios where the SEP events develop. These scenarios include solar longitudes of the parent solar event ranging from E75 to W90, transit speeds of the associated shock ranging from 400 to 1700 km s⁻¹, proton energies ranging from 0.125 to 64 MeV, and interplanetary conditions for the energetic particle transport characterized by specific mean free paths. We compare the results of SOLPENCO with flux measurements of a set of SEP events observed at 1 AU that fulfill the following four conditions: (1) the association between the interplanetary shock observed at 1 AU and the parent solar event is well established; (2) the heliolongitude of the active region site is within 30° of the Sun–Earth line; (3) the event shows a significant proton flux increase at energies below 96 MeV; (4) the pre-event intensity background is low. The results are discussed in terms of the transit velocity of the shock and the proton energy. We draw conclusions about both the use of SOLPENCO as a prediction tool and the required improvements to make it useful for space weather purposes.     

脉冲发动机建压段瞬态燃速模型

针对脉冲发动机工作时间短,压强高的特性,对建压阶段的瞬变燃烧过程进行了模型研究。该模型基于非稳态凝聚相能量方程,并耦合气相热反馈为求解该能量方程的边界条件,从而引入压强对燃烧过程的作用。模型中压强的变化规律由同样条件下的试验p-t曲线拟合得到。通过模型计算,可以对建压过程中推进剂表面温度随时间的变化规律、各压强下的瞬态燃速做出预测,结果与试验数据较好地吻合。用该瞬态燃速进行建压段内弹道仿真,与稳态数据相比,更接近实测曲线,表明该模型可以用于脉冲发动机建压段的瞬态燃速的预估。     

小波包分析对舱音背景声中微弱信号的检测

针对民航事故调查中的舱音背景声分析,利用小波包分析方法,对不同种类开关手柄声进行了分析,提出了开关手柄声具有暂态噪声脉冲特征的结论。最后,以波音737客机实验样本和真实CVR样本为研究对象进行分析,利用暂态噪声脉冲特征,成功地对淹没在环境声中的起落架手柄声予以检测和定位。为民航事故调查中驾驶舱话音记录器CVR(Cockpit Voice Recorder)中开关手柄声信号的检测和定位提供了一种有效且方便的方法。     

Solar proton enhancements in different energy channels and coronal mass ejections during the last solar cycle

The main properties of 11622 coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) mission’s Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO-C2) from January 1996 through December 2006 are considered. Moreover, the extended database of solar proton enhancements (SPEs) with proton flux >0.1 pfu at energy >10 MeV measured at the Earth’s orbit is also studied. A comparison of these databases gives new results concerning the sources and acceleration mechanisms of solar energetic particles. Specifically, coronal mass ejections with width >180° (wide) and linear speed >800 km/s (fast) seem they have the best correlation with solar proton enhancements. The study of some specific solar parameters, such as soft X-ray flares, sunspot numbers, solar flare index etc. has showed that the soft X-ray flares with importance >M5 may provide a reasonable proxy index for the SPE production rate. From this work, it is outlined that the good relation of the fast and wide coronal mass ejections to proton enhancements seems to lead to a similar conclusion. In spite of the fact that in the case of CMEs the statistics cover only the last solar cycle, while the measurements of SXR flares are extended over three solar cycles, it is obvious for the studied period that the coronal mass ejections can also provide a good index for the solar proton production.     

月球着陆器软着陆冲击仿真

为提高分析月球着陆器软着陆有效载荷着陆冲击响应的准确性,提出一种基于瞬态动力学的着陆器有效载荷软着陆冲击响应分析方法.根据着陆器全机结构柔性和月壤柔性对有效载荷着陆冲击响应的影响,参照某型着陆器,于MSC.PATRAN环境中建立着陆器全机柔性体模型及月壤柔性体模型,运用瞬态动力学仿真软件MSC.DYTRAN对着陆器软着陆有效载荷着陆冲击响应特性进行了仿真研究.仿真结果与试验结果具有一定的一致性.研究结果表明:使用该方法分析着陆器软着陆有效载荷的着陆冲击响应是准确有效的,能够比较逼真地模拟月球着陆器实际着陆工况.     

Comparisons of several transport models in their predictions in typical space radiation environments

We have used several transport codes to calculate dose and dose equivalent values as well as the particle spectra behind a slab or inside a spherical shell shielding in typical space radiation environments. Two deterministic codes, HZETRN and UPROP, and two Monte Carlo codes, FLUKA and Geant4, are included. A soft solar particle event, a hard solar particle event, and a solar minimum galactic cosmic rays environment are considered; and the shielding material is either aluminum or polyethylene. We find that the dose values and particle spectra from HZETRN are in general rather consistent with Geant4 except for neutrons. The dose equivalent values from HZETRN and Geant4 are not far from each other, but the HZETRN values behind shielding are often lower than the Geant4 values. Results from FLUKA and Geant4 are mostly consistent for considered cases. However, results from the legacy code UPROP are often quite different from the other transport codes, partly due to its non-consideration of neutrons. Comparisons for the spherical shell geometry exhibit the same qualitative features as for the slab geometry. In addition, results from both deterministic and Monte Carlo transport codes show that the dose equivalent inside the spherical shell decreases from the center to the inner surface and this decrease is large for solar particle events; consistent with an earlier study based on deterministic radiation transport results. This study demonstrates both the consistency and inconsistency among these transport models in their typical space radiation predictions; further studies will be required to pinpoint the exact physics modules in these models that cause the differences and thus may be improved.     

小卫星瞬态热分析模型修正方法

为解决参数分类和构建最小误差目标函数中瞬态温度时域过程的表达问题,分别定义了瞬态温度时均量和波动量对修正参数敏感度和分析值与试验值间瞬态温度均方差。利用蒙特卡洛混合方法对敏感参数进行分层修正的结果表明,修正前后瞬态温度分析值与试验值间误差由8%~16%降低至5%以下,分析值的时均量及波动量均有明显改善,且该结果被修正中未使用的试验数据所验证。这说明了修正中瞬态温度描述方式对改善瞬态热分析精度有效,蒙特卡洛混合法分层修正合理可行。     

加权变系数的瞬态导热有限元法

研究了两点时间差分格式的瞬态导热温度场有限元法数值解的稳定性和振荡现象,推导出消除振荡的方法:将时间差分格式的加权系数σ与时间步长△t分别和温度振荡联系起来,得出变σ和变△t的函数关系式。