脉冲星非实时平差的火星探测自主导航模型

针对基于X射线脉冲星观测的火星探测器自主导航,研究了几种不同的实时自适应方法,包括:扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF),自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波(AEKF)和鲁棒自适应扩展滤波(RAEKF)。首先根据脉冲星导航原理,模拟了观测值:脉冲到达时刻;接着,分别利用扩展卡尔曼滤波,自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波和鲁棒自适应扩展滤波方法估算出探测器的位置和速度;最后,上述几种滤波轨道与STK模拟的标称轨道较差,然后比较它们的滤波精度发现:AEKF和RAEKF的精度相对较高,AEKF的三个轴向滤波位置精度达到:X轴优于100m、Y和Z轴优于30m,优于VLBI技术的km量级,和Doppler技术的精度相当。     

Status of the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope Project

The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) is China's first astronomical satellite. It will perform a broad band (1-250keV) scan survey and do pointed observations of X-ray sources to study their spectra and multi-wavelength temporal properties. The pre-flight models of the satellites have been finished, and the flight models are in production. The expected launch date of HXMT is in late 2015.      

Structural and collisional data for Mg III and Al IV

We present in this work energy levels, oscillator strengths, radiative decay rates and fine structure collision strengths for the Mg III and Al IV ions. The 11 configurations: (1s²) 2s²2p⁶, 2s²2p⁵3l, 2s2p⁶3l, 2s²2p⁵4l   (l?n-1$l?n-1$, where n is the principal quantum number), yielding the lowest 75 levels are used. The collisional data for these two ions are missing in the literature, especially the database CHIANTI, this is the principal motivation behind the present work. Calculations have been performed using the AUTOSTRUCTURE code. AUTOSTRUCTURE treats the scattering problem in the distorted wave approach. Fine structure collision strengths are calculated for a range of electron energies from 10 Ry to 240 Ry. The atomic structure data are compared to available experimental and theoretical results.     

Strong geomagnetic activity forecast by neural networks under dominant southern orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field

The paper deals with the relation of the southern orientation of the north–south component _Bz$B_z$ of the interplanetary magnetic field to geomagnetic activity (GA) and subsequently a method is suggested of using the found facts to forecast potentially dangerous high GA. We have found that on a day with very high GA hourly averages of _Bz$B_z$ with a negative sign occur at least 16 times in typical cases. Since it is very difficult to estimate the orientation of _Bz$B_z$ in the immediate vicinity of the Earth one day or even a few days in advance, we have suggested using a neural-network model, which assumes the worse of the possibilities to forecast the danger of high GA – the dominant southern orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field. The input quantities of the proposed model were information about X-ray flares, type II and IV radio bursts as well as information about coronal mass ejections (CME). In comparing the GA forecasts with observations, we obtain values of the Hanssen–Kuiper skill score ranging from 0.463 to 0.727, which are usual values for similar forecasts of space weather. The proposed model provides forecasts of potentially dangerous high geomagnetic activity should the interplanetary CME (ICME), the originator of geomagnetic storms, hit the Earth under the most unfavorable configuration of cosmic magnetic fields. We cannot know in advance whether the unfavorable configuration is going to occur or not; we just know that it will occur with the probability of 31%.     

嫦娥工程X射线谱仪的数据压缩研究

本文对嫦娥工程中的重要科学载荷X射线谱仪提出了一种有效的数据压缩方案。针对具体的数据特征,结合稀疏串编码、相关编码、前缀编码和字典编码等思想实现了无损和近无损压缩,使实验室理想环境下获得以及经嫦娥一号卫星下传的太阳能谱数据平均压缩比分别达到15和7,两种情况下的月球事例数据平均压缩比都为2,同时算法还具有一定的纠错能力,满足了X射线谱仪数据压缩的需求,为嫦娥三号卫星上粒子激发X射线谱仪的星载数据处理和后续工作提供了经验和准备。     

HOTDISK在低导热材料测试中的重复性分析

HOTDISK在工程材料导热系数测试中有着广泛应用。通过用HOTDISK对气凝胶粉体、保温毯和保温绝热板的测试,对比了不同时间段测试结果的波动情况,根据数据波动规律给出了测试过程中需要注意的事项和相应的改进建议。     

碳酚醛-铝板中二维X射线热击波数值模拟

文章利用平面应变正交各向异性材料率相关性的弹塑性本构模型和各向同性材料理想弹塑性本构模型,采用有限元方法编写程序,对X射线辐照碳酚醛-铝板时诱导的热击波进行数值模拟,讨论了热击波的传播规律。结果表明,在1 keV的 X射线辐照下,X射线穿透极浅,材料表面发生气化现象,应力峰值较大;在3 keV的X射线辐照下,X射线穿透较深,热击波呈现双波结构,材料的层裂更明显。     

星敏感器空间辐射效应研究

星敏感器作为一类高灵敏度光电集成部件,易受空间辐射的影响造成性能退化和工作 异常。分析星敏感器的辐射效应机理并制定相应的防护对策,既是当前可靠性增长的基础, 也是今后高性能星敏感器发展的必然要求,而国内尚缺少对这一问题的详细论述。阐述了空 间辐射环境和星敏感器的组成以及工作原理,综述分析了空间辐射效应机理和对星敏感器产 生的影响,并介绍了国外在相应防护对策上的经验,更进一步对影响星敏感器较为严重的瞬 态效应做了较为深入的探讨。
     

一种近地航天器脉冲星地固系动力学定轨方法

为改善近地航天器脉冲星导航的定轨精度,设计一种地固系动力学定轨方法。该方法结合了更精确的地球引力场模型,在求地球引力势梯度基础上引入惯性力,建立了地固系下轨道动力学方程;并结合脉冲相位量测,使用扩展卡尔曼滤波实现航天器轨道参数实时估计。此方法可以降低动力学方程非线性度,尤其适用于地球静止轨道卫星。通过数学仿真校验了新方法的有效性与精度。     

电子照射对硅漂移探测器性能的影响

由于高能电子辐射的长期照射,新一代太阳X射线探测器硅漂移传感器的探测性能可能发生变化.通过用电子放射源模拟空间电子对硅漂移探测器进行辐射照射试验,以测试电子照射对传感器能量分辨率、效率、信号幅度等性能的影响.试验结果表明,长期的电子照射造成硅漂移探测器面损伤和体损伤,使其漏电流增大,信号幅度减小,能量分辨率也受到照射的影响,而探测效率未发生变化.