船用大功率柴油机瞬态工况油气响应及燃烧特性研究

针对船用大功率柴油机瞬态性能提升的需求，开展了增压中冷船用大功率柴油机瞬态工况动态响应及燃烧特性实验研究。研究表明，涡轮增压器惯性导致的进气滞后是柴油机瞬态工况下性能恶化的主要原因；突加载工况下，进气量响应滞后供油量响应4~5个工作循环，且进气量响应速度随初始负荷增加而增加，指示平均有效压力（Indicated Mean Effective Pressure，IMEP）等燃烧特征参数加载过程中响应速度较快，波动较小；缸内燃烧过程恶化，燃烧重心和燃烧终点较同负荷下稳态工况值均推迟。     

Sun CubE OnE: A multi-wavelength synoptic solar micro satellite

The Sun cubE onE (SEE) is a 12U CubeSat mission proposed for a phase A/B study to the Italian Space Agency that will investigate Gamma and X-ray fluxes and ultraviolet (UV) solar emission to support studies in Sun-Earth interaction and Space Weather from LEO. More in detail, SEE’s primary goals are to measure the flares emission from soft-X to Gamma ray energy range and to monitor the solar activity in the Fraunhofer Mg II doublet at 280 nm, taking advantage of a full disk imager payload. The Gamma and X-ray fluxes will be studied with unprecedented temporal resolution and with a multi-wavelength approach thanks to the combined use of silicon photodiode and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) -based detectors. The flare spectrum will be explored from the keV to the MeV range of energies by the same payload, and with a cadence up to 10 kHz and with single-photon detection capabilities to unveil the sources of the solar flares. The energy range covers the same bands used by GOES satellites, which are the standard bands for flare magnitude definition. At the same time SiPM detectors combined with scintillators allow to cover the non-thermal bremsstrahlung emission in the gamma energy range. Given its UV imaging capabilities, SEE will be a key space asset to support detailed studies on solar activity, especially in relation to ultraviolet radiation which strongly interacts with the upper layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, and in relation to space safety, included in the field of human space exploration. The main goal for the UV payload is to study the evolution of the solar UV emission in the Mg II band at two different time scales: yearly variations along the solar cycle and transient variations during flare events. The Mg II index is commonly used as a proxy of the solar activity in the Sun-as-a-star paradigm, in which solar irradiance variations in the UV correlate with the variations in stratospheric ozone concentrations and other physical parameters of the Earth high atmosphere. SEE data will be used together with space and ground-based observatories that provide Solar data (e.g. Solar Orbiter, IRIS, GONG, TSST), high energy particle fluxes (e.g. GOES, MAXI, CSES) and geomagnetic data in a multi-instrument/multi-wavelength/multi-messenger approach.     

复合叶片对小流量工况下燃油离心泵非定常特性的影响

为了研究长中短复合叶片对小流量工况下燃油离心泵非定常特性的影响规律,基于CFD技术对某型燃油离心泵进行了非定常数值模拟。首先,分别建立原型方案和带有长中短复合叶片的优化方案的离心泵三维模型和网格模型。其次,基于RNG k-ε湍流模型,对两个方案中泵内流动非定常特性进行数值计算。仿真结果表明：长中短复合叶片减弱了叶轮流道内的大尺度漩涡,降低了叶轮的出口滑移,使得压力分布更加均匀。同时,叶轮与隔舌的动静干涉造成了蜗壳内一定程度的压力脉动产生,且长中短复合叶片相对较低。另一方面,小流量工况下,优化方案中离心泵的扬程为1826m,效率为26.9%,比原型方案中离心泵的扬程和效率分别提高了3.6%和2.6%。     

X射线脉冲星计时导航应用模式与空间试验进展

结合国家导航体系发展与工程应用迫切需求，主要讨论了X射线脉冲星计时导航的应用模式，并介绍了国内外空间试验进展。总结了脉冲星计时地基射电与空间X射线观测的特点和发展现状，阐释了脉冲星时研究与发展的重要意义；总结并归纳了X射线脉冲星导航的应用特点和现有水平，讨论了X射线脉冲星导航的技术优势和典型应用场景；总结了国内外X射线脉冲星计时导航的空间试验进展。根据国内外的空间试验结果，脉冲星时稳定度可达10-14量级，脉冲星导航精度可达到km量级，初步具备在轨应用价值。因此，加快推进国内脉冲星计时导航技术的在轨演示验证与工程应用具有重要意义。     

Cramér-rao lower bound for pulsar rotation parameters estimation with X-ray pulsar observation data

In this paper, the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for estimating the rotation parameters of pulsars using X-ray pulsar observation data is deduced, and the calculation equation is presented. In order to verify the correctness of the deduced equation, we use the X-ray pulsar observation data to estimate pulsar rotation parameters, and obtain the root mean square error (RMSE) of the estimated pulsar rotation parameters through conducting repeated experiments. The experimental results suggest that when the observation time increases, the RMSE gradually approaches the estimated CRLB, and that when the observation time is 2.4 × 10⁶ s, the error between the RMSE of pulsar frequency estimation and the CRLB stays at 10^?11 order of magnitude. This verifies that the CRLB expression deduced in this paper is the theoretical lower bound for estimating pulsar rotation parameters. The deduced CRLB in this paper helps determine the minimum variance estimator for pulsar rotation parameter estimation using X-ray pulsar data, providing a benchmark for the comparison between the minimum variance estimator and other estimators.     

Distributed satellite autonomous navigation using X-ray pulsars

Distributed X-ray pulsar-based navigation (DXNAV) is an effective method to realize earth-orbit satellite positioning under weak pulsar signal conditions. In this paper, we propose a new DXNAV method based on multiple information fusion. The DXNAV system principle and the pulse phase estimate Cramér-Rao lower bound are deduced. To suppress the calculation complexity and the error source, the X-ray pulsar photon time-of-arrival detected by each satellite is equivalently converted to the leading satellite directly using the inter-satellite link ranging and starlight angular distance measurement. A high precision estimate model of the pulse phase is built using pulsar standard profile, observed profile, and star-geocentric angular distance from distributed satellites. The estimated pulse phase is real-time supplied to the navigation system, which is established in the form of a deviation equation. The two-stage Kalman filter is designed to estimate the pulse phase in profile histogram bin step and the leader position in real-time step. Compared separately with the maximum likelihood phase estimate method and the celestial navigation method using only the star-geocentric angular distance, the simulation analysis shows that the estimation precisions of position and velocity are improved by 29% and 25%.     

Frequency steering of spaceborne clocks based on XPNAV-1 observations

Due to high stable rotations, timing of pulsars provides a natural tool to correct the frequency deviation of spaceborne atomic clocks. Based on processing the observational data about a year of Crab pulsar given by XPNAV-1 satellite, we study the possibility of correcting the frequency deviation of spaceborne atomic clocks using pulsar timing. According to the observational data in X-ray band and the timing model parameters from radio observations, the pre-fit timing residuals with a level of 6...