A Novel Onboard-gateway-based Mechanism to Improve TCP Performance in Aeronautical Satellite Networks

The IP-based networks on aircraft serve to support Internet services via satellites. However, in aeronautical satellite hybrid net- works,the TCP protocol performance often deteriorates due to improper decreases and slow recovery of the congestion window. This paper proposes a window size determination and notification mechanism, onboard-gateway-based mechanism (OGBM), which is based on the onboard gateway in the networks on aircraft. A cross-layer approach is adopted by the onboard gateway to obtain the satellite link bandwidth information. And then, by the gateway, through changing the receiver’s advertised window field in ACK packets, TCP sources are notified of the window size of each TCP source calculated on the ground of bandwidth delay product and flow numbers. The mechanism is able to avoid improper changes of TCP window and serve multiple users. Simulation results show that the mechanism with the fairness index close to 1 improves TCP performance in aeronautical satellite networks.     

Early effects of low dose C ion or X-ray irradiation on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The aim of this study was to estimate the acute effects of low dose ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation on human immune function. The human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) of seven healthy donors were exposed to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation and cell responses were measured at 24 h after exposure. The cytotoxic activities of HPBL were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT); the percentages of T and NK cells subsets were detected by flow cytometry; mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were examined by real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR); and these cytokines protein levels in supernatant of cultured cells were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results showed that the cytotoxic activity of HPBL, mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α in HPBL and their protein levels in supernatant were significantly increased at 24 h after exposure to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions radiation and the effects were stronger than observed for X-ray exposure. However, there was no significant change in the percentage of T and NK cells subsets of HPBL. These results suggested that 0.05 Gy high linear energy transfer (LET) ¹²C⁶⁺ radiation was a more effective approach to host immune enhancement than that of low LET X-ray. We conclude that cytokines production might be used as sensitive indicators of acute response to LDI.     

Mapping lunar surface chemistry: New prospects with the Chandrayaan-2 Large Area Soft X-ray Spectrometer (CLASS)

Surface chemistry of airless bodies in the solar system can be derived from remote X-ray spectral measurements from an orbiting spacecraft. X-rays from planetary surfaces are excited primarily by solar X-rays. Several experiments in the past have used this technique of X-ray fluorescence for deriving abundances of the major rock forming elements. The Chandrayaan-2 orbiter carries an X-ray fluorescence experiment named CLASS that is designed based on results from its predecessor C1XS flown on Chandrayaan-1. We discuss the new aspects of lunar science that can be potentially achieved with CLASS.     

凹槽对涡轮叶片前缘换热特性影响的实验研究

为了探究带有凹槽造型的涡轮叶片前缘结构的换热特性,采用瞬态热色液晶技术研究了凹槽对涡轮叶片前缘外表面换热系数的影响,获得了不同主流雷诺数以及湍流度下涡轮叶片原始前缘结构及带两种不同深度凹槽的前缘结构外表面的换热系数分布数据,并采用努塞尔数评估对比了三种结构下的换热特性。实验结果表明：原始前缘结构存在高换热系数区,随着湍流度的增大,高换热核心区显著增大;由于凹槽对滞止区域的流动产生了影响,带凹槽的前缘结构在不同工况下均表现出将原始结构高换热核心区分割为凹槽两侧突出边缘的高换热区和槽内低换热区的分布特征;凹槽可以显著降低前缘表面的换热强度,带浅凹槽的前缘结构在前缘表面的面平均努塞尔数相比原始前缘结构降低约7.9%~14.5%,带深凹槽的前缘结构相比原始前缘结构降低约9.1%~20.9%;与Reg=200,000相比,当Reg=150,000时,带凹槽的前缘结构相比原始结构的低换热优势更强。     

He-like Ar xvii triplet observed by RESIK

We present the observations of He-like Ar triplet lines obtained by RESIK spectrometer aboard CORONAS-F. Interpretation of intensity ratios between triplet lines of lower Z elements is known to provide useful diagnostics of plasma conditions within the emitting source. Here, we investigate whether triplet line ratios are useful for interpretation of higher Z element spectra. A high sensitivity, low background and precise absolute calibration of RESIK allow to consider in addition also the continuum contribution. This provides a way to determine the Ar absolute abundance from the observed triplet component ratios. The method is presented and the results are shown for two selected flares. Derived values of Ar absolute abundance for these flares are found to be similar: 2.6 × 10⁻⁶ and 2.9 × 10⁻⁶. They fall in the range between presently accepted Ar photospheric and coronal abundances.     

低能自由空气电离室优化设计

借助于空气比释动能的基本定义和概念以及空气比释动能绝对测量的理论方法,分析了自由空气电离室可以作为空气比释动能绝对测量方法的原理和条件。通过平板型与圆柱型自由空气电离室的优劣比较,选择平板型作为研究对象,详细介绍了经典的平板型自由空气电离室,并通过理论分析计算以及模拟计算的方法,优化设计包括：光阑半径、空气衰减长度、极间距等低能自由空气电离室的关键几何尺寸,以最小化空气比释动能测量时产生的总不确定度。     

A two-step weighted least-squares method for joint estimation of source and sensor locations: A general framework

It is well known that the Two-step Weighted Least-Squares(TWLS) is a widely used method for source localization and sensor position refinement. For this reason, we propose a unified framework of the TWLS method for joint estimation of multiple disjoint sources and sensor locations in this paper. Unlike some existing works, the presented method is based on more general measurement model, and therefore it can be applied to many different localization scenarios.Besides, it does not have the initialization and local convergence problem. The closed-form expression for the covariance matrix of the proposed TWLS estimator is also derived by exploiting the first-order perturbation analysis. Moreover, the estimation accuracy of the TWLS method is shown analytically to achieve the Cramér-Rao Bound(CRB) before the threshold effect takes place. The theoretical analysis is also performed in a common mathematical framework, rather than aiming at some specific signal metrics. Finally, two numerical experiments are performed to support the theoretical development in this paper.     

用X光电子能谱研究复合固体推进剂燃烧机理

本文介绍了X光电子能谱(XPS)分析技术在复合固体推进剂燃烧机理研究中的应用。用XPS分析对一种呈负压力指数燃烧特性的聚氨酯复合固体推进剂(404-5A)的未然表面和在2、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0MPa压强下快速降压熄火后的燃烧表面作元素组成及其化学价态的分析,得到了不同价态的各元素原子百分含量。从实验结果可以确定CaCO_3在凝相反应中生成了CaCl_2。从燃面上碳原子浓度随燃烧压强的变化说明了燃烧过程中存在着熔化的粘合剂对过氯酸铵表面的流动覆盖,覆盖程度随着燃烧压强的上升而增加。本文还对CaCO_3、粘合剂流动覆盖在燃烧过程中的作用进行了探讨。     

瞬态平面热源法热物理性能测量精度和适用范围的标定——常温下标准材料奥氏体不锈钢的热物理性能对比测试

瞬态平面热源法作为一种非稳态热物理性能测试技术，其测量范围、测量精度和试验参数的确定是正确评价和应用这种测试技术的前提条件。本文详细描述了采用瞬态平面热源法测量装置对热物理性能标准材料奥氏体不锈钢所进行的比对测试，并由此考察这种测试方法和测试装置的测量精度和适用范围。     

一种高斯型ASE光源研究

简单介绍了掺铒光纤的光放大原理,分析了四种ASE光源的光路结构。针对双通前向结构,设计了一种适用高精度光纤陀螺仪的高斯型ASE光源,并进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,掺铒光纤的掺杂浓度、光纤长度都对ASE光源的输出特性具有很大的影响。此外,根据试验结论,研制出高斯型ASE光源,其性能稳定,已在多个高精度光纤陀螺仪型号上实现了实际应用,并取得了良好的效果。