热处理对挤压态 Mg -8Er 合金组织性能的影响

对挤压态 Mg -8Er 合金在再结晶热处理过程中组织、织构的演变以及相应的力学行为进行了系统表征,在此基础上分析了塑性变形机理。结果表明,挤压态 Mg -8Er 合金在500℃条件下退火时,随着保温时间的延长,再结晶组织的逐渐形成,织构出现明显的随机化,织构强度也显著弱化,合金的室温塑性也随之提高。热处理态 Mg -8Er 合金的塑性大小主要取决于再结晶程度的大小。再结晶程度高的合金织构也更加随机化,从而获得高塑性。     

压电类智能梁元的优化布局

分别对具有无限小长度驱动器的悬臂和简支智能梁的一阶模态和二阶模态进行了具体的分析和计算,确定了驱动器在梁元中的最优布局,总结了有关驱动器在梁元中布局的一些基本性质,并从解析的角度对驱动器的最优布局点给予解释.由于以上有关驱动器最优布局的分析是在忽略驱动器的长度的假设基础上进行的,所以又对有限长度的驱动器的布局问题进行了初步的探讨.     

一种低轨星座高精度相位保持方法

针对大型低轨星座在轨运行的高精度构型保持问题,提出了一种基于极限环的高精度相位保持方法。首先,推导了实际轨道与参考轨道的平相位角偏差与半长轴偏差的关系；然后,建立了基于极限环的相位保持周期以及半长轴改变量计算方法；最后,基于推导的半长轴偏差与相位偏差的关系,提出了一种相位保持实施方法。考虑地球非球形和大气阻力的数值仿真表明：本文提出的相位保持方法能够在卫星定轨数据精度不高、数据采样间隔较大的情况下,实现低轨星座系统的高精度相位保持。     

一种立方星编队重构多脉冲机动规划方法

针对立方星轨道机动能力约束,提出一种基于相对轨道根数动力学模型的多脉冲机动规划算法。对于相对轨道面内各分量之间的控制耦合问题,基于“先控制相对形状、后修正迹向距离”的策略,提出了满足速度增量约束的多脉冲机动规划算法;分析了近地轨道 J 2 摄动和大气阻力摄动对相对轨道的影响,并基于线性化的状态转移模型提出了迭代优化策略,以降低立方星在摄动影响下的轨道机动误差。仿真结果表明,所提出的多脉冲机动规划算法在不同任务条件下均可获得有效的机动规划,迭代优化策略可有效地提高终点位置的精度,在基于高精度轨道递推搭建的任务仿真中也验证了算法的有效性,可用于立方星编队构建和重构任务。     

Origin and Evolution of the Light Nuclides

After a short historical (and highly subjective) introduction to the field, I discuss our current understanding of the origin and evolution of the light nuclides D, ³He, ⁴He, ⁶Li, ⁷Li, ⁹Be, ¹⁰B and ¹¹B. Despite considerable observational and theoretical progress, important uncertainties still persist for each and every one of those nuclides. The present-day abundance of D in the local interstellar medium is currently uncertain, making it difficult to infer the recent chemical evolution of the solar neighborhood. To account for the observed quasi-constancy of ³He abundance from the Big Bang to our days, the stellar production of that nuclide must be negligible; however, the scarce observations of its abundance in planetary nebulae seem to contradict this idea. The observed Be and B evolution as primaries suggests that the source composition of cosmic rays has remained ∼constant since the early days of the Galaxy, a suggestion with far reaching implications for the origin of cosmic rays; however, the main idea proposed to account for that constancy, namely that superbubbles are at the source of cosmic rays, encounters some serious difficulties. The best explanation for the mismatch between primordial Li and the observed “Spite-plateau” in halo stars appears to be depletion of Li in stellar envelopes, by some yet poorly understood mechanism. But this explanation impacts on the level of the recently discovered early “⁶Li plateau”, which (if confirmed), seriously challenges current ideas of cosmic ray nucleosynthesis.     

The gauge-generalized Gyldén–Meshcherskii Problem

The Gyldén–Meshcherskii Problem (GMP) extends the classical two-body problem of Newton and Kepler by considering time-varying gravitating masses, an important extension of the two-body problem for modeling cometary motion and cosmological phenomena. In this paper, we consider the GMP in a specialized setup, the setup of gauge theory. We show that the variational equations, modeling the effect of the mass time variation on the orbital elements, can be derived by fixing a gauge of a particular form that is different from the Lagrange gauge. Thus, the orbital elements modeling the effect of a time-varying secondary mass are non-osculating. This implies that the trajectory of a celestial body whose mass is continuously changing cannot be approximated by a series of Keplerian orbits. Finally, we provide the first-order averaged equations written in terms of non-osculating elements.     

合金元素对铬锰硅钢回火过程和组织的影响

本文以常用的30CrMnSiA钢为例,通过分析其淬火后在不同的温度进行回火的组织变化,研究了合金元素对铬锰硅钢回火过程和组织的影响。试验研究结果表明,合金元素对钢的回火过程和组织产生影响,加宽了回火温度范围,改变了组织形态,增加了钢的回火稳定性,使钢具有良好的综合力学性能。该研究有助于铬锰硅类钢的生产制造、选择应用和制定热处理工艺。     

Elliptical formation control based on relative orbit elements

A new set of relative orbit elements（ROEs）is used to derive a new elliptical formation flying model.In-plane and out-of-plane motions can be completely decoupled,which benefts elliptical formation design.The inverse transformation of the state transition matrix is derived to study the relative orbit control strategy.Impulsive feedback control laws are developed for both in-plane and out-of-plane relative motions.Control of in-plane and out-of-plane relative motions can be completely decoupled using the ROE-based feedback control law.A tangential impulsive control method is proposed to study the relationship of fuel consumption and maneuvering positions.An optimal analytical along-track impulsive control strategy is then derived.Different typical orbit maneuvers,including formation establishment,reconfguration,long-distance maneuvers,and formation keeping,are taken as examples to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control laws.The effects of relative measurement errors are also considered to validate the high accuracy of the proposed control method.     

基于FMEA的飞机燃油箱防火安全性分析

自1959年起已发生了17起飞机燃油箱点燃事故,统计表明飞机燃油箱点燃事故是对飞机运行安全性影响最大的灾难性事件之一,始终受到航空安全领域高度关注.针对此类风险,FAA通过不断修正规章来满足飞机运行安全,但往往咨询通告形式的修订缺少系统化的分析.依据事故调查,主要影响燃油箱防火安全的原因有:电火花和电弧、电器加热效应、摩擦火花、平面热辐射.对飞机燃油箱防火安全功能设备进行风险量化,首先使用FMEA对各功能元件进行风险分析,找到与“风险状态”相关的失效模式;其次运用三元素法“风险状态”评估标准量化故障模式的风险优先数;最后根据元件的失效模式采用树图分析方法对影响燃油箱内、外点火源的功能元件进行管理.本文还对复合材料燃油箱的特殊失效模式进行初步分析,为飞机燃油箱防火安全的系统化分析提供方法.