适用于微纳卫星的微型电离层光学探测器

文章介绍了质量小、体积小的微型电离层光学探测器技术,给出了探测器的探测原理和设计方案,通过探测原子氧远紫外夜气辉(136.5 nm)辐射强度,反演电离层总电子含量(TEC)。采用轻量化铝反射镜、抗干扰电荷前放设计,实现反射镜、工业级远紫外探测器、电子学的一体化和小型化,研制出适用于微纳卫星的1 kg量级微型空间电离层光学探测器。该型探测器能够利用微纳星群多种轨道搭载,可获得丰富数据的优势,获取全球电离层高时空分辨率总电子含量分布,为未来实现卫星编队探测提供载荷研制基础。     

武昌低电离层LF观测的季节变化

通过分析武昌低电离层LF观测数据,得到了中低纬度低电离层电子密度剖面的季节变化特征及其与太阳天顶角周年变化的关系,给出LF相位周年振荡幅度的年际变化曲线．     

针对星载SAR法拉第旋转估计的NeQuick-2模型精度分析

P波段星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)凭借其较强的穿透能力,在对森林、沙地等观测方面具有较强的优势,但易受法拉第旋转等电离层干扰的影响,其图像质量严重下降。本文针对现有电离层模型的精度开展分析,以基于GPS的CODE GIM全球电离层实测数据为参考,对比评估NeQuick-2模型的电离层总电子量表征能力。在分析CODE GIM实测数据特点的基础上,讨论其在星载SAR领域的局限性;在解析NeQuick-2模型和方法的基础上,研究其表征精度的影响因素;通过对比该模型生成的电离层数据与CODE GIM数据,验证NeQuick-2模型的估计精度。结果表明:NeQuick-2模型可满足P波段星载SAR的法拉第旋转角估计和校正的需求。     

基于BDS/GPS和经验模型的区域电离层建模

基于北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）和全球定位系统（GPS）实测电离层穿刺点（IPP）数据,结合国际参考电离层（IRI）经验模型历史数据,提出一种对区域二维电离层总电子含量（TEC）进行高精度建模的方法.针对缺乏穿刺点的区域内短时间电离层建模时精度较低且各时段穿刺点空间分布不同的问题,该方法使用IRI模型在建模区域内均匀添加虚拟穿刺点数据,并根据与实测穿刺点的距离,使用构造的权重计算公式赋予其动态权重值,通过加权最小二乘法进行球谐模型参数解算.与欧洲定轨中心（CODE）发布的全球电离层图（GIM）进行数据比对发现,相对于只使用BDS/GPS实测穿刺点数据的建模方法,利用本文建模方法计算获得的垂直总电子含量（VTEC）值对缺乏实测穿刺点的区域精度有明显的提升.      

星载SAR电离层探测及误差补偿

工作于低频波段的星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)信号会受到电离层的显著影响,因此在系统设计时必须考虑相应的补偿方法。基于此,首先开展了适用于低频大宽带SAR模式的电离层影响评估研究,建立了基于勒让德展开的五阶误差分析模型,可有效解决传统模型各阶次耦合问题。其次,针对背景电离层色散问题,开展了基于双频自聚焦算法的补偿研究,利用ALOS PALSAR数据进行了半物理仿真验证,电离层反演精度优于0.4TECU,可有效提升图像聚焦质量;针对法拉第旋转角误差,利用ALOS PALSAR回波散射矩阵信息开展了补偿研究,结果显示,相比官网提供的补偿参数,误差可进一步降低27%。上述基于回波数据本身的补偿研究,可避免第三方数据精度差、分辨率低、需地面接收机、传播路径不一致等问题,同时降低了载荷成本。最后,结合SAR高分辨率特性,基于回波的电离层反演可有效提高现有电离层探测能力,开展了PALSAR-垂测仪联合反演电子密度研究,其结果比仅垂测仪数据精度普遍提高了30%以上。研究成果可为未来低频星载SAR的系统设计提供技术支撑。     

高动态GPS卫星信号模拟器电离层延迟误差模拟方法研究

电离层延迟误差是GPS测量中非常重要的一项误差源，也是高动态GPS卫星信号模拟器要解决的一项关键技术。电离层延迟误差与目标的空间位置有关，在分析地面用户和空问用户不同电离层延迟误差修正方法的基础上，研究了卫星信号模拟器电离层延迟误差产生的途径，并给出了相应的数学模型，解决了不同应用环境下导航电8个电离层修正参数的计算问题，通过仿真计算，验证了本所提出的电离层延迟计算模型的正确性。     

Development of a campaign to study equatorial ionospheric phenomena over Guam

The United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) is in the process of developing a series of ground-based and space-based experiments to investigate the equatorial ionosphere over Guam and the southern crest of the Equatorial Appleton Anomaly over New Guinea. On the ground the Digital Ionospheric Sounder (University of Massachusetts, Lowell DPS-4 unit) and a dual-frequency GPS TEC/scintillation monitor will be used to investigate ionospheric phenomena in both campaign and long-term survey modes. In campaign mode, we will combine these observations with those collected from space during USAFA’s FalconSAT-3 and FalconSAT-5 low Earth orbit satellite missions, which will be active over a period of several years beginning in the first quarter of the 2007 calendar year. Additionally, we will investigate the long-term morphology of key ionospheric characteristics useful for driving the International Reference Ionosphere, such as critical frequencies (f_oE, f_oF1, f_oF2, etc.), the M(3000) F2 parameter (the maximum useable frequency for a signal refracted within the F2 layer and received on the ground at a distance of 3000 km away), and a variety of other characteristics. Specific targets of investigation include: (a) a comparison of TEC observed by the GPS receiver with those calculated by IRI driven by DPS-4 observations, (b) a comparison of plasma turbulence observed on-orbit with ionospheric conditions as measured from the ground, and (c) a comparison between topside ionospheric satellite in situ measurements of plasma density during an overpass of a Digisonde versus the calculated value based on extrapolation of the electron density profiles using Digisonde data and a topside α-Chapman function. This last area of investigation is discussed in detail in this paper.     

中山站电离层尖峰脉冲型吸收统计特性

通过对南极中山站成像式宇宙噪声接收机2000至2001年的观测数据进行分析,得到了189例电离层尖峰脉冲型吸收事件,按其发生时间可分为夜侧吸收事件(69例)和日侧吸收事件(120例).对这两类吸收事件进行对比统计研究,得到了其吸收发生时间、吸收持续时间、吸收强度、吸收区域形状和空间尺度、运动状况以及吸收事件与地磁Kp指数关系等特性,并对电离层尖峰脉冲型吸收的可能产生机制进行了讨论.      

Collocated ionosonde and dense GPS/GLONASS network measurements of midlatitude MSTIDs

To analyze midlatitude medium-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) over Kazan (55.5°N, 49°E), Russia, the sufficiently dense network of GNSS receivers (more than 150 ground-based stations) were used. For the first time, daytime MSTIDs in the form of their main signature (band structure) on high-resolution two-dimensional maps of the total electron content perturbation (TEC maps) are compared with ionosonde data with a high temporal resolution. For a pair of events, a relationship between southwestward TEC perturbations and evolution of F2 layer traces was established. So F2 peak frequency varied in antiphase to TEC perturbations. The ionograms show that during the movement of plasma depletion band (overhead ionosonde) the F2 peak frequency is the highest, and vice versa, for the plasma enhancement band, the F2 peak frequency is the lowest. One possible explanation may be a greater inclination of the radio beam from the vertical during the placement of a plasma enhancement band above the ionosonde, as evidenced by the absence of multiple reflections and the increased occurrence rate of additional cusp trace. Another possible explanation may be the redistribution of the electron content in the topside ionosphere with a small decrease in the F peak concentration of the layer with a small increase in TEC along the line-of-sight. Analysis of F2 peak frequency variation shows that observed peak-to-peak values of TEC perturbation equal to 0.4 and 1 TECU correspond to the values of ΔN/N equal to 13% and 28%. The need for further research is evident.     

Examining the use of the NeQuick bottomside and topside parameterizations at high latitudes

An examination of the high latitude performance of the bottomside and topside F-layer parameterizations of the NeQuick electron density model is presented using measurements from high latitude ionosonde and Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) facilities.For the bottomside, we present a comparison between modeled and measured B2Bot thickness parameter. In this comparison, it is seen that the use of the NeQuick parameterization at high latitudes results in significantly underestimated bottomside thicknesses, regularly exceeding 50%. We show that these errors can be attributed to two main issues in the NeQuick parameterization:(1) through the relationship relating foF2 and M3000F2 to the maximum derivative of F2 electron density, which is used to derive the bottomside thickness, and (2) through a fundamental inability of a constant thickness parameter, semi-Epstein shape function to fit the curvature of the high latitude F-region electron density profile.For the topside, a comparison is undertaken between the NeQuick topside thickness parameterization, using measured and CCIR-modeled ionospheric parameters, and that derived from fitting the NeQuick topside function to Incoherent Scatter Radar-measured topside electron density profiles. Through this comparison, we show that using CCIR-derived foF2 and M3000F2, used in both the NeQuick and IRI, results in significantly underestimated topside thickness during summer periods, overestimated thickness during winter periods, and an overall tendency to underestimate diurnal, seasonal, and solar cycle variability. These issues see no improvement through the use of measured foF2 and M(3000)F2 values. Such measured parameters result in a tendency for the parametrization to produce a declining trend in topside thickness with increasing solar activity, to produce damped seasonal variations, and to produce significantly overestimated topside thickness during winter periods.