Venus observations from ENVISAT–SCIAMACHY: Measurements and modeling

This work shows the capability of observing Venus with a sensor originally designed for Earth remote sensing. SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY), onboard ENVISAT, successfully observed visible and near-infrared spectra from the Venusian atmosphere. The Venus spectra were simulated using a line-by-line radiative transfer model. The single scattering approximation was applied in order to consider the effects of an approximately 20 km-thick haze layer above the main cloud deck, which was considered as a reflecting cloud located in the upper atmosphere of the planet. CO₂ absorption lines could be distinguished in both observed and simulated spectra and a good agreement between them was also found.     

上行天线组阵载波相位并行标校方法研究

提出了利用伪随机序列并行确定上行组阵各天线载波相位差的标校方法.该方法具有精度高、并行处理、所需时间短、标校通道一致等显著技术优势.利用现有的扩频测控多功能数字基带系统搭建实验平台,通过演示实验验证了该标校方法的正确性以及工程可实现性.实验结果与理论分析十分吻合.     

月球探测软着陆与采样返回段弹道确定

针对月球探测中软着陆与采样返回段弹道计算问题,提出用数值逼近弹道确定方法。通过B样条对探测器状态进行建模,进而综合全弧段数据进行统计定轨的方法。由于样条法良好的数值逼近性能,使得该方法对探测器弹道异常复杂情况下的状态确定较为有效。对嫦娥三号探测器动力软着陆弧段进行了仿真与实测数据处理。分析了采样返回段的基本动力学与控制特征,为后续的嫦娥五号探测器的软着陆及其采样返回提供初步的可行弹道计算方法。在嫦娥三号探测器动力落月段实测数据处理中,通过评估,该段弹道确定精度优于100 m,其弹道末点与NASA的月球勘测轨道器（LRO）给出的结果差异优于50 m,证实了文章提出的软着陆弹道确定方法的有效性。     

Design and testing of a roto-translational shutter mechanism for planetary operation

This work describes the design and testing of a shutter mechanism for a miniaturized infrared spectrometer developed for the ESA ExoMars Pasteur mission. Unlike most usual cover mechanisms, the conceived one provides a roto-translational motion. This feature allows the sealing of the interferometer main entrance window from dust contamination, in addition to the usual function of shuttering the instrument field of view. Although this characteristic is strongly desired because it avoids dust deposition and optics contamination while the instrument is not operating, it makes the mechanism design significantly more complex. Moreover, challenging design constraints were faced: the mass budget allowed for no more than 30 g allocation, the expected working thermal range extended down to −80 °C and high vibration levels with an acceleration peak of 670 m/s² were predicted during Mars landing. To complete the picture, the mechanism cover was required to provide also a calibration target for the 2–25 μm spectral range of the spectrometer. The resulting system is made by a calibrating/shutter cover moved by a purposely designed out of plane cams system which provides the desired motion. A mechanism mockup was assembled and successfully tested in the predicted thermal and mechanical environments.     

现场校准试验用便携式γ射线照射装置研制

固定式环境γ辐射剂量率监测仪表是承担环境连续监测任务的主要设备,这类仪表通常不便于拆卸和安装,而且送检周期较长（一周左右）,影响了连续监测点数据的连续性。为了固定式仪表的按期校准,结合蒙卡方法研制了便携式γ射线照射装置,利用PTW剂量计对辐射场进行标定,最后利用便携式照射装置对固定式环境γ辐射剂量率监测仪表进行现场校准实验。     

基于非线性最优化的摄像机标定方法

提出了一种适用于CCD摄像机交汇测量系统的摄像机内、外参数标定方法。它将包含镜头畸变、光心误差等在内的摄像机内、外参数非线性标定模型转换为一个冗余测量情况下的非线性最优化问题,并通过先验信息设置各种约束条件来缩小最优化问题的收敛域,从而显著提高了标定的精度和稳定性。试验结果表明,在合适的测量几何条件下,采用该方法进行标定的双CCD摄像机交汇测量系统的定位精度可达毫米量级(1σ)。     

考虑时间因素的敏捷自主航天器四维姿态运动规划方法研究

为解决敏捷自主航天器在轨灵巧、精确姿态运动问题,针对复杂空间环境与其自身运动特点,提出了基于改进的快速搜索随机树的四维姿态运动规划方法。仿真算例检验了该规划方法的有效性,结果表明它不仅满足敏捷自主航天器在一定约束条件下指定时间到达指定地点的四维运动要求,而且对四维姿态运动离线与在线规划两种模式也具备较强的适应性。     

常规靶场光学辐射测量及其大气效应校正

简要介绍了光学辐射测量的理论以及辐射测量在常规靶场武器试验中的一些应用,常规靶场常见目标的光学辐射特征、主要测量参数及意义。论述了红外辐射计校准的意义、校正的方法以及仪器选购需注意的几个问题。还讨论了辐射测量中大气效应校正的重要作用和方法,以及相关的软件。     

三轴转台静态标定缺失点误差的解决方法

提出了一种三轴转台静态位置标定时部分测点误差缺失的解决方法。首先介绍转台静态角位置标定的测试方法,指出测点被遮挡的原因;然后设计用双自准直仪实现UUT型三轴转台中框与外框的连续标定策略;最后提出用数学插补的方法插值缺失点误差的软补偿方案,并由实践证明,最小二乘拟和插值较线性插值误差更小。