双混频时差系统时间间隔分辨力校准方法研究

提出了双混频时差系统时间间隔分辨力的两种校准方法——频偏法和时差拟合法。给出了校准方法的理论推导,两种方法均基于时间差的测量,通过不同的数据处理方法可得到准确度较高的时间间隔分辨力。实验表明,该方法能够准确测量双混频时差系统的时间间隔,验证了方法的有效可行。     

卫星双向法与卫星测距

卫星双向时间比对是目前远距离台站时间比对精度最高的时间同步技术,时间比对精度达几百皮秒,比GPS共视技术的时间比对精度几乎高一个数量级。中科院国家授时中心根据多台站卫星时间比对经验,提出利用卫星双向比对技术进行卫星测距(称转发器定轨)。实验证明:利用卫星双向技术(卫星需要转发器)进行卫星测距,可得到高精度卫星轨道(内符精度为几厘米)和卫星预报轨道。     

导航星座自主导航的守时算法研究

导航星座自主导航是提高卫星导航系统生存能力的一个重要方面,而实现导航星座自主导航的前提在于自主守时,星上综合原子时的计算则是自主守时的关键技术之一。本文分别研究了星上综合原子时计算的传统加权平均算法与卡尔曼滤波算法,并分别做了仿真实验,结果表明,通过合理设置,两种方法均可保持60d内自主守时25ns。     

基于Daubechies小波的X射线脉冲星信号降噪研究

针对X射线脉冲星弱信号埋没在强噪声中,在短时间内周期叠加的脉冲轮廓的信噪比低,影响脉冲到达时间的估计精度和效率,提出基于Daubechies小波的X射线脉冲星信号降噪的算法。在对RXTE观测数据预降噪处理和周期叠加的基础上,采用Daubechies小波算法做降噪处理,使得较短的时间内仍能获得高信噪比的脉冲轮廓。利用RXTE观测数据进行验证仿真,结果表明,该算法能有效滤除X射线脉冲星信号所包含的设备及空间环境的噪声,在保证脉冲到达时间精度的情况下,缩短了观测时间,提高X射线脉冲星导航的效率。      

A simulation of Martian gravity field recovery by using a near equatorial orbiter

An improvement to the Martian gravity field may be achieved by means of future orbiting spacecraft with small eccentricity and low altitude exemplified through a newly proposed mission design that may be tested in upcoming reconnaissance of Mars. Here, the near equatorial orbital character (with an inclination approximating 10°, eccentricity as 0.01 and semi-major axis as 4000 km) is considered, and its contribution to Martian gravity field solution is analyzed by comparing it with a hypothetical polar circular orbiter. The solution models are evaluated in terms of the following viewpoints: power spectra of gravity field coefficients, correlations of low degree zonal coefficients, precise orbit determination, and error distribution of both Mars free air gravity anomaly and areoid. At the same time, the contributions of the near equatorial orbiters in low degree zonal coefficients time variations are also considered. The present results show that the near equatorial orbiter allows us to improve the accuracy of the Martian gravity field solution, decrease correlation of low degree zonal coefficients, retrieve much better time variable information of low degree zonal coefficients, improve precise orbit determination, and provide more accurate Mars free air gravity anomaly and areoid around the equatorial region.     

A new approach to the telescope operation method for satellite tracking using a time synchronization technique

For the development of a telescope that is capable of precisely tracking satellites and high-speed operation such as satellite laser ranging, a special method of telescope operation is required. This study aims to propose a new telescope operation method and system configuration for the independent development of a mount and an operation system which includes the host computer. Considering that the tracking of a satellite is performed in real time, communication and synchronization between the two independent subsystems are important. Therefore, this study applied the concept of time synchronization, which is used in various fields of industry, to the communication between the command computer and the mount. In this case, communication delays do not need to be considered in general, and it is possible to cope with data loss. Above all, when the mount is replaced in the future, only the general communication interface needs to be modified, and thus, it is not limited by replacement in terms of the overall system management. The performance of the telescope operation method developed in this study was verified by applying the method to the first mobile SLR system in Korea. This study is significant in that it proposed a new operation method and system configuration, to which the concept of time synchronization was applied, for the observation system that requires an optical telescope.     

基于时频稀疏性的跳频信号时频图修正方法

为了获取清晰的时频图,提出了一种基于时频稀疏性的跳频信号时频图修正方法。该方法根据跳频信号时频图的时频稀疏性,建立了修正时频图的最优化求解模型,然后利用匹配搜索的方法进行求解得到修正后清晰的时频图。仿真结果表明本文方法能够在低信噪比下获取精确的时频图,且用修正后的时频图估计跳周期,估计性能明显优于现有方法。     

Severe disruption of the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules in a human macrophageal cell line in microgravity—Results of an in vitro experiment on board of the Shenzhou-8 space mission

During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO₂ supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8.     

双向互选最近邻准则下的多目标TDOA无源定位

为有效解决多目标无源定位中的数据关联难题,提出双向互选最近邻多目标数据关联算法。该算法借鉴全局最近邻思想解决多目标到达时差(TDOA)测量数据关联问题,在设置检测门限对时差测量数据进行关联初选的基础上,将所有目标和初选后数据的关联配对关系进行全局考虑,通过对初选后数据的前后向互选来解决多目标时差测量数据的正确关联问题。该算法在从众多时差测量数据关联配对点中提取真实目标位置的同时,可有效解决时差无源定位中的定位模糊问题,算法模块也可应用到多星测时差、测向-测时差等无源定位系统中。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效解决多目标时差测量数据的关联问题,最终实现对多目标的无源定位。     

面向空间抓取任务的目标轮廓跟踪方法

在空间抓取任务中,视场背景复杂,光照条件变化剧烈,而且存在相对运动。文章提出了一种新的动态轮廓特征检测跟踪方法。首先在灰度梯度法基础上,引入形状匹配、面积筛选和自适应灰度阈值调整方法,提高了轮廓提取的鲁棒性。随后,基于该提取结果,利用图像序列的时域相关约束辅助GVFSnake算法进行轮廓跟踪,提升了动态检测速度。最后,考虑到空间抓取任务的实时性需求,采用CUDA运算架构对算法进行并行化处理,并对一组序贯图像序列进行了轮廓跟踪实验。实验结果表明,此方法在CUDA平台下轮廓跟踪速率达到了10帧/s,在保证轮廓检测的准确性的基础上,明显改善了检测速度。