Air-LUSI: A robotic telescope design for lunar spectral measurements

This paper presents the mechanical design of a new robotic telescope that was designed and built to acquire lunar spectral measurements from the science pod of NASA's ER-2 aircraft while flying at an altitude of 70,000 feet (21.34 km). The robotic telescope used a double gimbal design that allowed for target tracking in azimuth and elevation. In addition to the challenging and restrictive geometry of the science pod, each component needed to be carefully selected to ensure that they could withstand the operating conditions at high altitude such as harsh temperatures extending as low as −54 °C and atmospheric pressure less than 1.05 psi (7.23 kPa). Due to the cold temperatures, low atmospheric pressure and the likely exposure to moisture, high strength industrial linear actuators were used to create an adjustable linkage system that controlled the pointing and tracking of the telescope. Although unconventional, this allowed for a robust design that outperformed the team's expectations by tracking the Moon for 40 min with an average tracking error under 0.05°. The results presented within this paper were acquired during a first set of engineering test flights, with further scientific missions to follow.     

亮星辅助下基于坐标转换的快速星图识别方法

数字天顶仪作为一种地面使用的星敏感器，主要用于高精度定位。为提高仪器的工作效率需要对星图识别的快速性进行研究。通过对恒星像点理论坐标与图像坐标的分析，构建坐标转换模型。依据星表中恒星的分布及星等筛选出视场范围内的亮星，并构建导航星表。结合导航星表完成3颗亮星的准确识别，在识别亮星的基础上解算坐标转换模型的参数。通过构建的坐标转换模型对视场范围内的恒星进行坐标转换，将转换后的星点坐标与提取的星点图像坐标进行匹配完成星图的识别，这样能够提高星图识别的快速性。实验数据表明：在保证识别星点数量的基础上，采用亮星辅助下基于坐标转换的星图识别方法使时间缩短为改进三角形星图识别算法的五分之一。     

航空电气电弧、短路危害及保护研究

航空电气电弧、短路可能会导致难以挽回的损失,研究航空电气电弧、短路的危害及其保护措施具有 重要意义。通过试验室搭建民用飞机典型的115V/400Hz三相交流电气线路,选取金属导体作为多余物,采 用试验法对飞机电气电弧、短路故障现象进行研究,验证和分析传统热断路器的工作特性,确认电气电弧、短路 故障对电气线路和设备产生的危害程度;同时,分析三种更好的电气电弧、短路保护方法。结果表明:传统热断 路器仅对短路故障具有保护作用,对电气电弧不能产生保护作用;三种新的保护方法电弧检测和保护时间过 长,电弧已对导线和设备产品造成不可恢复的损坏。     

数字化干涉仪测角技术

数字化干涉仪测角采用的是高精度数字鉴相技术，该技术与传统的模拟鉴相技术相比可以大幅度提高鉴相精度，从而满足高精度干涉仪测角的要求。基于数字干涉仪鉴相算法，通过两路正交本振信号分别与两路待测相信号相乘，使用CIC 滤波器除乘积中的高频信号，最后通过CORDIC 算法计算出相位差。经过干涉仪测角模拟器上测试结果表明，其数字鉴相误差小于0.2°。     

Effects of stability margin and thrust specific fuel consumption constrains on multi-disciplinary optimization for blended-wing-body design

Blended-Wing-Body(BWB) configuration, as an innovative transport concept, has become a worldwide research focus in the field of civil transports development. Relative to the conventional Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration, the BWB shows integrated benefits and serves as a most promising candidate for future ‘‘green aviation". The objective of the present work is to figure out the effects of the stability margin and Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption(TSFC) on the BWB design in the framework of Multi-Disciplinary Optimization(MDO). A physically-based platform was promoted to study the effect static stability margin and engine technology level. Low-order physically based models are applied to the evaluation of the weight and the aerodynamic performance. The modules and methods are illustrated in detail, and the validation of the methods shows feasibility and confidence for the conceptual design of BWB aircrafts. In order to find out the relation between planform changes and the selection of stability and engine technology level, two sets of optimizations are conducted separately. The study proves that these two factors have dominant effects towards the optimized BWB designs in both aerodynamic shapes, weight distribution, which needs to be considered during the MDO design process. A balance diagram analysis is applied to find out a reasonable static stability margin range. It can be concluded that a recommended stability margin of a practical BWB commercial aircraft can be half of that of a conventional TAW design.     

飞机过载与过载表的指示

阐述了飞机过载和过载指标值的意义，指出过载表正确测试飞机过载的条件，并说明了Ｌ８飞机前、后舱中过载表指示的不一致性及仪表指示值的修正计算问题。     

浅析不确定度与误差的概念与方法──兼评“精度”等用语

为推行ＩＳＯ１９９３（Ｅ）测量不确定度表示指南，就测量不确定度与测量误差概念上的异同、测量不确定度评定与测量误差分析的关系以及“精度”等用语阐述作者的一些见解。     

三维曲面测量新方法：半球头测量法

提出的半球头测量法从理论上消除了三维曲面截形测量时由于被测曲面的扭曲对测头所造成的干涉,使曲面测量直接转化为曲线测量,从而简化了测量和数据处理过程,为曲面测量提供了一种既简便实用又具有较高精度的新方法。     

用应变片测量应力的改进方法—二向应力片及三向应力片

本文就应变片直接测量应力的方法进行了探讨，提出二向应力片及三向应力片原理，使在实验应力分析的电测场合中，对于某点的应力分量的测量，无需进行几个应变片数据的分别采集，再综合成应力分量（正应力或剪应力），使读数应变与应力分量一一对应，且各测量数据之间在算法上没有耦合。二向应力片及三向应力片的使用，简化了测量数据的处理过程，在动态测量特别是冲击力测量中，具有一定的实用意义。     

应用微机校定三相变压器的联结组及标号

三相变压的联结组标号对其正常运行极为重要，必须校定，而目前变还缺少全面快捷的校定方法和设备。本文介绍采用微机系统来实现联结组桔的校定，首先把四类联结组差别区分开，然后分析指出同一类联结组中，除有六种正序标号外，存在六种逆序标号，提出用新的筛选法能简捷地判别校定同一类的十二种标号，当微机系统进行实际测试时，必须考虑电源电压三相不对称程序的影响，故经数学推导得出用实测计算值代替理想计算值作判别比较的基