三维接触问题的接触状态有限元解法及应用

在文献［１］的基础上论述了有摩擦、有间隙的三维弹性接触问题接触状态有限元解法，并通过理论考题进行了验证。最后，在应用部分对汽轮机汽缸法兰连接汽密性进行了计算。     

基于电子束电离的高超声速磁流体发电机

为了获得高超声速低温来流条件下基于电子束电离的磁流体发电机性能,采用三维低磁雷诺数磁流体动力学五方程模型和简化的电子束电离模型,对等截面分段法拉第型磁流体发电机内的流动进行数值模拟,研究了电离能量花费、磁场强度对发电通道性能的影响,得出了不同电离花费下电离所形成的电子数密度和电导率.研究结果表明,电子束电离低温来流能够产生足够的电导率,当负载系数保持为0.5时,电效率基本保持在0.5 ～0.6之间,电效率大小受磁场强度影响不大,电离能量花费Pion(MW/m3)为0.06,0.6,6,30,300时的电导率σ(S/m)分别为0.28,0.9,3,7,27.当电离能量花费为30MW/m3,能量提取率达到26％,电效率为66％,发电机性能接近最佳,对应的磁场强度为10T.     

Optimal diving maneuver strategy considering guidance accuracy for hypersonic vehicle

An optimal maneuver strategy considering terminal guidance accuracy for hypersonic vehicle in dive phase is investigated in this paper. First, it derives the complete three-dimensional nonlinear coupled motion equation without any approximations based on diving relative motion relationship directly, and converts it into linear decoupled state space equation with the same relative degree by feedback linearization. Second, the diving guidance law is designed based on the decoupled equation to meet the terminal impact point and falling angle constraints. In order to further improve the interception capability, it constructs maneuver control model through adding maneuver control item to the guidance law. Then, an integrated performance index consisting of maximum line-of-sight angle rate and minimum energy consumption is designed, and optimal control is employed to obtain optimal maneuver strategy when the encounter time is determined and undetermined, respectively. Furthermore, the performance index and suboptimal strategy are reconstructed to deal with the control capability constraint and the serous influence on terminal guidance accuracy caused by maneuvering flight. Finally, the approach is tested using the Common Aero Vehicle-H model. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can achieve high precision guidance and effective maneuver at the same time, and the indices are also optimized.     

Splitting Based Scheme for Three-dimensional MHD with Dual Time Stepping

A new hybrid numerical scheme of combining an E-CUSP (Energy-Convective Upwind and Split Pressure) method for the fluid part and the Constrained Transport (CT) for the magnetic induction part is proposed. In order to avoid the occurrence of negative pressure in the reconstructed profiles and its updated value, a positivity preserving method is provided. Furthermore, the MHD equations are solved at each physical time step by advancing in pseudo time. The use of dual time stepping is beneficial in the computation since the use of dual time stepping allows the physical time step not to be limited by the corresponding values in the smallest cell and to be selected based on the numerical accuracy criterion. This newly established hybrid scheme combined with positivity preserving method and dual time technique has demonstrated the accurateness and robustness through numerical experiments of benchmark problems such as the 2D Orszag-Tang vortex problem and the 3D shock-cloud interaction problem.      

Transfer element method with application to acoustic design of aeroengine nacelle

In the present survey, various methods for the acoustic design of aeroengine nacelle are first briefly introduced along with the comments on their advantages and disadvantages for practical application, and then detailed analysis and discussion focus on a kind of new method which is called ‘‘transfer element method'(TEM) with emphasis on its application in the following three problems: turbomachinery noise generations, sound transmission in ducts and radiation from the inlet and outlet of ducts, as well as the interaction between them. In the theoretical frame of the TEM, the solution of acoustic field in an infinite duct with stator sound source or liner is extended to that in a finite domain with all knows and unknowns on the interface plane, and the relevant acoustic field is solved by setting up matching equation. In addition, based on combining the TEM with the boundary element method(BEM) by establishing the pressure and its derivative continuum conditions on the inlet and outlet surface, the sound radiation from the inlet and outlet of ducts can also be investigated. Finally, the effects of various interactions between the sound source and acoustic treatment have been discussed in this survey. The numerical examples indicate that it is quite important to consider the effect of such interactions on sound attenuation during the acoustic design of aeroengine nacelle.     

金属封严环泄漏率预测方法

针对金属封严环设计中泄漏率估算问题,综合对密封系统宏观结构和微观表面接触变形的考量,提出一种基于数值计算的泄漏率预测方法。对密封整体结构进行计算,以计算值（接触应力、接触面积）为输入参数,以表面粗糙度为评价指标建立微观粗糙表面,使用有限元法（FEM）进行接触计算后建立泄漏通道模型,在对泄漏缝隙内流体流动特性确定后通过计算流体力学（CFD）方法计算得到泄漏率。使用密封试验台进行泄漏率试验,将计算值与试验结果相比较。研究表明:随着接触应力增加、表面粗糙度值降低以及内外腔压差增长,密封系统泄漏率逐渐减小;所提出的方法极大地摆脱了泄漏率获取对于试验仪器的依赖性,并能够较为有效地预测金属密封结构的泄漏率,对先进的金属封严环的设计和评估具有重要意义。      

附面层抽吸对叶栅角区分离流动的控制研究

为研究附面层抽吸对叶栅角区分离流动的控制效果和机理,以高负荷轴流压气机叶栅为研究对象,基于数值方法深入分析了不同抽吸方案对叶栅角区流场的影响以及叶栅攻角特性随抽吸流量组合的变化规律。结果表明:不同抽吸方案对叶片通道中的分离流动的控制机理不同,进而会影响叶片负荷及扩压能力;将吸力面抽吸与端壁附面层抽吸结合起来的组合抽吸方案基本消除了位于叶栅吸力面的附面层分离和角区分离,叶栅叶型损失系数显著降低,在5°攻角下,当吸力面抽吸量为1.88%,端壁抽吸量为0.82%时,损失系数相较于原叶栅降低约63.8%;并且进一步研究发现各抽吸槽的抽吸流量均存在其最佳临界值;在进行组合抽吸时,应针对不同攻角工况,在其相应的临界值范围内选择合理的抽吸流量,以达到用较小的吸气量实现对叶栅分离流动的控制。     

蒙皮镜像铣削支撑技术的研究现状和发展趋势

镜像铣作为一种飞机蒙皮加工的新技术,是一种高效、绿色的加工方法,具有逐步取代化铣加工的趋势,是众多工业发达国家的研究热点。支撑技术是飞机蒙皮镜像铣削系统的关键技术,关系到蒙皮的尺寸精度和表面质量,直接影响蒙皮外表面的形貌。本文在阐述飞机蒙皮零件加工工艺特点的基础上,介绍了飞机蒙皮减薄技术的发展,总结了蒙皮镜像铣削加工方法的优势及国内外研究现状。在详细分析镜像铣支撑技术的研究现状的同时,指出了当前镜像铣支撑技术存在的问题与难点,预测了镜像铣支撑技术的发展趋势,为镜像铣支撑技术的深入研究提供参考和指导。     

缝线粗细对复合材料面内弹性模量的损伤分析

建立了以碳纤维八枚五飞经面缎为基布,以不同粗细缝线的三维有限元模型。分别预报了缝线植入处基布全部损伤和部分损伤两种状况的弹性模量,较粗的缝线使得复合材料的拉剪弹性模量降低,较细的缝线对面内弹性模量影响较小;与未缝合相比,不同直径的缝线的模量变化在9.6%之内。此外,实验结果比有限元预报值大,但缝线粗细对复合材料面内弹性模量影响规律两者结果一致。     

超燃冲压发动机总体化性能分析

针对由后掠侧压进气道、矩形燃烧室和后掠侧板尾喷管构成的超燃冲压发动机模型,为了快速准确得到超燃冲压发动机的整机性能,建立了一套分析发动机总体性能的耦合流场计算方法。其中进气道和尾喷管流场分别求解三维单一气体和多组分抛物化N-S方程,燃烧室流场求解一维N-S方程,各部件在交接面处传递几何和流动参数。运用总体性能计算方法,研究了发动机构型的气动特性,给出了飞行高度、马赫数和攻角改变对发动机性能的影响规律。结果表明:该总体性能计算方法可用于超燃冲压发动机总体性能的快速预估;飞行高度对推力、升力和俯仰力矩的影响均较大且程度相近,三者随飞行高度增加均减小;飞行马赫数对发动机推力、升力的影响相近,对俯仰力矩的影响最大,三者随飞行马赫数增加均增加;飞行攻角对升力的影响最大,俯仰力矩次之,对推力的影响最小,随飞行攻角增加,发动机升力近似线性增加,推力和俯仰力矩分别呈增加和减小趋势。