Phase coherence of MHD waves in the solar wind

Large amplitude MHD waves are commonly found in the solar wind. Nonlinear interactions between the MHD waves are likely to produce finite correlation among the wave phases. For discussions of various transport processes of energetic particles, it is fundamentally important to determine whether the wave phases are randomly distributed (as assumed in quasi-linear theories) or they have a finite coherence. Using a method based on a surrogate data technique and a fractal analysis, we analyzed Geotail magnetic field data (provided by S. Kokubun and T. Nagai through DARTS at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science) to evaluate the phase coherence among the MHD waves in the earth's foreshock region. The correlation of wave phases does exist, indicating that the nonlinear interactions between the waves is in progress. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Progress in space weather predictions and applications

The methods of today’s predictions of space weather and effects are so much more advanced and yesterday’s statistical methods are now replaced by integrated knowledge-based neuro-computing models and MHD methods. Within the ESA Space Weather Programme Study a real-time forecast service has been developed for space weather and effects. This prototype is now being implemented for specific users. Today’s applications are not only so many more but also so much more advanced and user-oriented. A scientist needs real-time predictions of a global index as input for an MHD model calculating the radiation dose for EVAs. A power company system operator needs a prediction of the local value of a geomagnetically induced current. A science tourist needs to know whether or not aurora will occur. Soon we might even be able to predict the tropospheric climate changes and weather caused by the space weather.     

部分开放多极磁场中的日冕磁绳灾变

采用球坐标下二维三分量理想MHD模型，研究部分开放多极背景磁场中日冕磁绳的灾变现象．背景磁场由含3个闭合双极场的冕流和带赤道中性电流片的开放场构成，磁绳位于中心双极场的下方，其特性由环向磁通和轴向磁通表征．对给定的环向磁通，存在轴向磁通的一个临界值；对给定的轴向磁通，也存在环向磁通的一个临界值．在该临界值以下，磁绳附着于太阳表面，系统处于平衡状态；该临界值一旦被超越，磁绳将脱离太阳表面向上喷发，说明部分开放多极背景磁场中的日冕磁绳系统存在灾变现象．本文算例表明，灾变点对应的磁能阈值超过对应部分开放场(中心双极场开放，两侧的双极场仍维持闭合)能量约15％，其超过部分可为日冕物质抛射一类太阳爆发提供能源．     

3D nonlinear wave heating of coronal loops

The heating of solar coronal loops by the resonant absorption or phase-mixing of incident wave energy is investigated in the framework of 3D nonlinear magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) by means of numerical simulations.     

三维喷管设计

为了简化设计过程并获得满意的设计性能，以圆转方和圆转矩形喷管为例，对已有的三维喷管型面设计方法进行比较和总结，运用数值方法分析了型面转换起始位置和喷管出口高宽比的确定，提出了一套三维型面的直接生成方法，并给出相应的设计准则。经过实际设计和加工的检验，证明了设计方法的工艺可行性。在能够保证三维喷管的制造工艺条件以及冷却通道布置要求下，型面转换的起始位置可以尽量接近喉部；喷管出口截面的宽边不要超过窄边的1．5倍，应尽量接近于方形。     

突扩后突缩的三维流场计算

根据有关固体火箭发动机装药后端到喷管间的空间特征,对三维突扩后突缩内部流场计算进行了探索和研究。计算中成功地应用了SIMPLE算法解决复杂的三维流场计算问题,并在初场构成、源项离散及松弛系数的选取等方面都进行了调试改进。通过建立计算模型、划分网格、对方程及边界条件离散化和非线性处理,以及线性方程组求解等,计算得到了符合物理规律的数值解,指出了空间涡及二次涡的存在。     

The Plasma Environment of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko Throughout the Rosetta Main Mission

The plasma environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, the Rosetta mission target comet, is explored over a range of heliocentric distances throughout the mission: 3.25 AU (Rosetta instruments on), 2.7 AU (Lander down), 2.0 AU, and 1.3 AU (perihelion). Because of the large range of gas production rates, we have used both a fluid-based magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model as well as a semi-kinetic hybrid particle model to study the plasma distribution. We describe the variation in plasma environs over the mission as well as the differences between the two modeling approaches under different conditions. In addition, we present results from a field aligned, two-stream transport electron model of the suprathermal electron flux when the comet is near perihelion.     

行星际空间MHD模拟激波跃变关系分析

分析了模拟得到的可以传播到1AU以远的日地空间磁流体力学激波与Rankine-Hugnoniot跃变关系的符合程度．通过对模拟激波的结构及其在传播过程中的演化进行的分析，提出了模拟激波的定位方法；基于所提出的定位方法，利用向长青提出的确定MHD激波局地参数的方法计算了模拟得到的激波与Rankine-Hugnoniot跃变关系的偏差．结果表明在激波传播到100Rs以后，激波对中前向快激波与Rankine-Hugnoniot关系的符合达到很高的程度，相对误差在10^-2数量级以内；并且在激波传播到150 Rs以后，相对误差在10^-3数量级以内．这个结果说明文中所使用的有限差分数值格式能较好地模拟激波．     

Alfvén gravity waves in viscous solar plasma: Effect of the background flow

We study the Propagation and damping properties of Alfvén gravity waves in the presence of the vertical magnetic field in the viscous solar plasma under influence of the background flow by deriving a fourth order dispersion relation in terms of the Doppler shifted frequency. We derive the dispersion relation under WKB and Boussinesq approximation. We study the damping of Alfvén gravity waves for the wave frequencies less than and greater than the Brunt-Väisälä frequency. We find that the Brunt-Väisälä frequency divides the frequency ranges where the weakly or strongly damped oscillations occur. The background flow exhibits a strong effect on weakly damped oscillations and a weak effect on the strongly damped oscillations. We also notice that the damping of both the strong and weakly damped oscillations depend on the Brunt-Väisälä frequency and wave number. The effect of the background flow is also being governed by the Brunt-Väisälä frequency and wave number. We also study the properties of gravity wave mode after filtering the Alfvén wave mode by minimizing the magnetic field and noticed that the background flow shows a very strong effect on the gravity wave mode.