基于等效时间的混合储能系统高功率密度优化配置

越来越多的电力电子装置应用到多电飞机（MEA）电力系统中,导致MEA用电负荷功率呈现脉动特性,采用混合储能系统（HESS）平抑负荷功率脉动。为减少HESS重量,提出了一种高功率密度的优化配置方法。为建立负荷功率与储能介质之间的关系,提出了等效时间（ET）的概念,比较两者的ET常数作为储能系统类型选取的依据。进一步提出空间矢量法,采用能量型储能介质矢量和功率型储能介质矢量合成负荷功率,确定最优单体和截止频率,实现了HESS高功率密度配置。同时,从能量约束和功率约束两个方面进行HESS的容量的计算。最后,通过算例配置和仿真分析验证了本文所提方法的可行性和正确性。     

利用经验正交函数分解的大气密度模式校准方法

热层大气密度产生的阻力是作用在低轨航天器上最大的非引力摄动,现有大气密度模式存在15%~20%的偏差,难以满足空间任务应用需要。采用NRLMSISE-00模式作为密度参考标准,通过修正Jacchia-Roberts经验大气模式温度参数校准密度,建立温度修正量与密度的参数方程。针对部分区域修正量迭代计算发散问题,采用改进高斯牛顿迭代法求解方程。选择经验正交函数（EOF）分解方法分析修正量的时空特征,并与传统球谐（SH）分析的结果进行比较。结果表明,前4阶EOF基函数与前9项球谐基函数分别可提取温度修正量超过85%与80%的变化特征,EOF分解方法对温度修正量的表示效率高于球谐分析方法。第1阶EOF基函数反映了温度参数的整体偏差,第2~4阶EOF基函数对应的时间系数表明温度修正量的变化具有天周期性,且球谐分析得到的时间系数同样具有天周期性的特点。利用前4阶EOF基函数和前9项球谐基函数重构的温度修正量校准Jacchia-Roberts模式,校准后的模式密度偏差分别下降了9.06%与5.37%,表明EOF分解方法与传统球谐分析方法相比,能够更有效地修正温度参数,改进模式精度。     

三结太阳电池高能电子损伤模拟及仿真分析

利用wx AMPS软件构建了高效Ga In P/Ga As/Ge太阳电池的中电池模型,并对电池抗辐照性能进行模拟研究。模拟发现,当辐照缺陷密度较小时,缺陷对中电池的电性能影响较小;当缺陷密度较大时,电性能的下降与电子注量值的对数成正比。计算电池的I-V和量子效率谱(QE曲线)可知,电池电性能的下降直接对应于量子效率的下降、饱和暗电流的增强以及并联电阻的衰降。模拟结果与试验结果的对比显示,在各子电池均匀损伤的假定下,1 Me V电子辐照的缺陷引入率约为0.81。     

Intra-annual variations of the thermospheric density at 400 km altitude from 1996 to 2006

We investigate the intra-annual variations of globally averaged thermospheric density at 400 km altitude from 1996 to 2006 by using Artificial Neural Network Method (ANNM). The results indicate that thermospheric density is governed by solar activity, and the absolute error of our model is 13.67%, less than NRLMSISE-00 model. Fourier representation can catch the intra-annual variations more accurately than NRLMSISE-00 model and JB2008 model especially during 2002. We find that the Autumn maximum is slightly greater than Spring maximum during solar minimum, while the reverse is correct during solar maximum. There is a strong linear relation between solar activity and the amplitude of annual/semiannual variations, and the correlation coefficients are 0.9534 and 0.9424, respectively. Moreover, the amplitude ratio of the annual to semiannual variation is about 1.3 averaged, and changes in different years, but it has little relation with solar activity. Besides that, the amplitude of annual variation is larger than semiannual variation during 1996 and 2006 except 1998 and 2000. The relative error of NRLMSISE-00 model is 14.95%, decreasing to 12.49% after revising, and the correlation coefficients between this empirical model and its improved results and the observation are 0.8185 and 0.9210, respectively. Finally, we suggest the revised version of MSIS series of model should use the Fourier representation to express the intra-annual variations.     

纳米铝粉及纳米铝粉/煤油凝胶体系能量性能研究

测定了各单组分及纳米铝粉／煤油凝胶体系的燃烧热,表征了纳米铝粉及纳米铝粉／煤油凝胶体系的能量性能。实验结果表明,随着纳米铝粉含量的增加,纳米铝粉／煤油凝胶体系的质量恒容燃烧热呈降低趋势,这是由于煤油的燃烧热值较高,铝粉的燃烧热值较低所致;而各纳米铝粉／煤油凝胶体系的密度随纳米铝粉含量的增加呈升高趋势,体系的体积燃烧热也随纳米铝粉含量增加而升高。     

对象驱动的软件测试性度量

为了使用统一的方式度量各种软件的测试性,降低测试性度量的难度和费用,提出一种对象驱动的软件测试性度量方法. 方法基于一个由测试性度量、易测试特性度量、测试性因素度量及其关系构成的软件测试性度量框架,首先分析度量的对象,确定对象的类型、对象所属软件的类型和测试情况;然后根据软件的类型和测试情况,从度量框架中选取匹配的元素,构造一个专用的软件测试性度量框架;最后根据度量对象的类型,使用专用软件测试性度量框架中的元素计算测试性因素、易测试特性或测试性. 应用表明方法能够得到软件测试性的定量结果,预计测试资源,为软件测试提供帮助.      

Track-before-detect for Infrared Maneuvering Dim Multi-target via MM-PHD

In this paper, we present a novel and efficient track-before-detect (TBD) algorithm based on multiple-model probability hypothesis density (MM-PHD) for tracking infrared maneuvering dim multi-target. Firstly, the standard sequential Monte Carlo probability hypothesis density (SMC-PHD) TBD-based algorithm is introduced and sequentially improved by the adaptive process noise and the importance re-sampling on particle likelihood, which result in the improvement in the algorithm robustness and convergence speed. Secondly, backward recursion of SMC-PHD is derived in order to ameliorate the tracking performance especially at the time of the multi-target arising. Finally, SMC-PHD is extended with multiple-model to track maneuvering dim multi-target. Extensive experiments have proved the efficiency of the presented algorithm in tracking infrared maneuvering dim multi-target, which produces better performance in track detection and tracking than other TBD-based algorithms including SMC-PHD, multiple-model particle filter (MM-PF), histogram probability multi-hypothesis tracking (H-PMHT) and Viterbi-like.     

2007-2009谷年期间高热层大气密度的变化

在第23至第24太阳活动周的峰年之间,太阳活动谷年具有持续时间长,极低F_10.7太阳辐射通量（低至65）和超长期的零太阳黑子数记录等特点,因此是观测和研究在这种特殊背景下热层大气变化的极好机会.尤其是能充分理解和掌握在宁静环境下热层大气密度对弱太阳活动和小地磁扰动的响应特性.本文利用高度650 km以上星载大气密度探测器2007—2009年的连续探测数据进行分析,结果表明,在太阳辐射通量F_10.7极低值期间,较高热层大气密度对F_10.7的起伏具有更显著的响应变化.当F_10.7由70降至65时,日均大气密度会有4～5倍的显著降变,远大于通常大气模式中的降变值.同样在F_10.7极低值期间,较高热层大气密度对小地磁扰动也具有显著的响应增变,当日K_p指数之和由23增至30时,较高热层大气密度则会有80%～160%的强增变.     

Studies of the geocenter motion using 16-years DORIS data

An accuracy of geocenter motion estimation is strongly dependent on the geodetic network size and stations distribution over the Earth’s surface. From this point of view DORIS system has an advantage, as its ground network of beacons consists of more than 50 sites, equally distributed over the Earth’s surface. Aiming to study variations of the geocenter movements, the results of DORIS data analysis for the time span 1993.0–2009.0 (inawd06.snx series), performed at the Analysis Centre of the Institute of astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, have been used. DORIS data processing was made with GIPSY/OASIS II software, developed by Jet Propulsion Laboratory and modified for DORIS data processing by Institute Géographique National. Standard deviations of stations coordinates are estimated at the level 0.5–4.0 cm (internal consistency), depending on the number of satellites used in the solution. RMS of estimated components of the DORIS satellites orbits, compared with the solutions of other IDS analysis centres, do not exceed 1–2 cm. Weekly solutions for coordinates have been transformed from free network solutions (inawd06.snx series) to a well defined terrestrial reference frame ITRF2005 with the use of seven parameters of Helmert transformation, which were examined with a view to study variations of the geocenter movements (ina05wd01.geoc time series). In order to estimate linear trend, amplitudes, periods and phases of geocenter variation a method of linear regression was applied. The evaluated amplitudes of annual variations are of the order of 5–7 mm for X and Y components and 27–29 mm for Z component. Semi-annual amplitudes are also noticeable in all components (1–34 mm for X, Y and Z components). Secular trends in the DORIS geocenter coordinates are: −1.2, −0.1 and −0.3 mm/year for X, Y and Z directions respectively.     

基于寿命法的压力敏感涂料静/动态特性实验

压力敏感涂料测量技术在内外流表面压力测量方面具有独特的技术优势。涂料光谱特性及"传感器"特性的研究对于分析喷涂固化中环境差异等不可控因素的影响程度、检验拟用涂料配方特定试验的适用性具有十分重要的意义。为此,以一种在研的磷光压力敏感涂料为对象,基于自主研发的静态校准系统对发光寿命随压力与温度的变化规律进行了实验研究,通过对测量结果的拟合分析发现所用涂料的温度适用范围在30~60℃之间,且可进行温度敏感度修正;基于自主研发的高频动态压力光学校准系统对涂料在不同压力脉动频率下的涂料发光寿命峰峰值规律进行了实验研究,通过分析研究确定所用涂料基于发光寿命的截止频率上限为0.94 kHz。实验研究进一步验证了涂料特性静动态校准组合方法的可行性与有效性,为压力敏感涂料配方的研发及其应用拓展提供了重要的技术支撑。