跨声速轴流压气机的失速发展机理

为了研究跨声速轴流压气机由近失速工况发展为失速工况的动态演化机理,对跨声速轴流压气机转子NASA Rotor 37进行了多通道全三维数值模拟,着重分析了激波及前缘溢流对失速发展的影响。结果显示:在峰值效率工况下,叶片通道内存在一道斜激波;在失速工况下,斜激波演化为脱体激波。泄漏涡通过脱体激波后发生破碎,破碎的泄漏涡在向通道下游发展的过程中,受逆压梯度的影响,在通道中部形成一个明显的涡结构。在失速工况初期,由于泄漏涡的自维持现象,前缘溢流现象随着叶顶阻塞区的周期性发展而间歇性出现;随着流量的降低,通道阻塞程度逐渐增加,会出现前缘溢流一直存在的现象,这一特性可以作为流场开始急剧恶化的标志。     

液体推进燃料着火特性影响因子与活化能分析

采用反射激波管实验台,对液体推进燃料RP-3着火特性进行了实验研究,并分析了燃料的表观活化能。采用了最大OH-光谱斜率倒推法确定着火终点,判定得到了液体推进燃料的着火特性,并对不同燃料体积分数下的着火延迟进行了归一化处理。结果表明:推进燃料的表观活化能差异不大,约为154～171kJ/mol;对各参数影响因子进行分析,着火延迟时间与当量比成正比关系,与燃料体积分数和混合气压力成反比关系;与JP-10比较发现,着火特性数据受燃料体积分数、当量比的影响因子几乎相等。      

基于谐振舵面的跨声速抖振抑制探究

跨声速抖振引起的非定常脉动载荷会造成飞行器结构疲劳甚至引发飞行事故,所以跨声速抖振的控制研究逐渐成为航空领域的热点。采用基于Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)湍流模型的非定常雷诺平均方程开展了基于谐振舵面的跨声速抖振抑制研究。首先验证静止NACA0012翼型的抖振边界和频率特性,然后分别从舵偏平衡位置、舵偏幅值、频率以及相角等角度研究了谐振舵面的控制效果。舵偏平衡位置等效于减小了翼型的有效迎角;幅值和频率对抖振抑制效果影响较大,当舵面振荡频率与抖振频率接近时发生共振现象;相角对控制效果有一定影响,在270°相角附近,升力系数幅值减小了60%。在合适的舵偏幅值、频率以及相角组合下,谐振舵面有可能成为跨声速抖振的有效开环控制策略。     

二维喷管的初始流动

基于可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,采用大涡模拟方法与高精度混合WENO/TCD格式,对Ma=1.4的超声速平面射流初始流场进行了数值研究.数值结果清晰地描述了超声速平面射流初始流场的结构特征,包括主涡环与激波结构以及它们演变过程.因主涡环内存在涡导激波对,激波与涡相互作用加速射流剪切层失稳,使剪切层首次卷起形成小涡的位置出现在涡导激波对后,此与亚声速射流情况不同.小涡串卷起成后,相继与涡导激波对相互作用,使激波出现明显的变形并加速主涡环失稳.      

Recent active thermal management technologies for the development of energy-optimized aerospace vehicles in China

Recently, the development of modern vehicles has brought about aggressive integration and miniaturization of on-board electrical and electronic devices. It will lead to exponential growth in both the overall waste heat and heat flux to be dissipated to maintain the devices within a safe temperature range. However, both the total heat sinks aboard and the cooling capacity of currently utilized thermal control strategy are severely limited, which threatens the lifetime of the on-board equipment and even the entire flight system and shrink the vehicle’s flight time and range. Facing these thermal challenges, the USA proposed the program of “INVENT” to maximize utilities of the available heat sinks and enhance the cooling ability of thermal control strategies. Following the efforts done by the USA researchers, scientists in China fought their ways to develop thermal management technologies for Chinese advanced energy-optimized airplanes and spacecraft. This paper elaborates the available on-board heat sinks and aerospace thermal management systems using both active and passive technologies not confined to the technology in China. Subsequently, active thermal management technologies in China including fuel thermal management system, environment control system, non-fuel liquid cooling strategy are reviewed. At last, space thermal control technologies used in Chinese Space Station and Chang’e-3 and to be used in Chang’e-5 are introduced. Key issues to be solved are also identified, which could facilitate the development of aerospace thermal control techniques across the world.     

含金属相变材料温控组件的研究

研究使用一种含有金属相变材料（Phase Change material,PCM）的温控组件（Thermal Control Component,TCC）对航天器上的有效载荷进行温度控制。通过对载荷的温控需求分析,设计并制备了以Ga-Sn合金为PCM的TCC,并通过地面模拟实验对TCC的温控性能进行测试。实验结果表明这种含有Ga-Sn合金的TCC满足载荷的温控需求。最后在仿真软件中建立了TCC的相变传热仿真模型用于预测TCC的温控性能。结果表明：仿真模型计算所得结果与实验结果基本一致,可用于预测TCC的温控性能。     

New trade tree for manned mars missions

Recent studies on human missions to Mars suggest revisiting the parameters that have the most important impact on the complexity, the initial mass in low Earth orbit, the risks and the development costs for the first journey to the red planet. In the last NASA reference mission, a trade tree is proposed.     

Determination of land surface temperature using precipitable water based Split-Window and Artificial Neural Network in Turkey

Land surface temperature (LST) calculation utilizing satellite thermal images is very difficult due to the great temporal variance of atmospheric water vapor in the atmosphere which strongly affects the thermal radiance incoming to satellite sensors. In this study, Split-Window (SW) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) methods were utilized for prediction of LST using precipitable water for Turkey. Coll 94 Split-Window algorithm was modified using regional precipitable water values estimated from upper-air Radiosond observations for the years 1990–2007 and Local Split-Window (LSW) algorithms were generated for the study area. Using local algorithms and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data, monthly mean daily sum LST values were calculated. In RBF method latitude, longitude, altitude, surface emissivity, sun shine duration and precipitable water values were used as input variables of the structure. Correlation coefficients between estimated and measured LST values were obtained as 99.23% (for RBF) and 94.48% (for LSW) at 00:00 UTC and 92.77% (for RBF) and 89.98% (for LSW) at 12:00 UTC. These meaningful statistical results suggest that RBF and LSW methods could be used for LST calculation.     

超声速复杂流动中湍流模型的性能评估

对8°,16°,20°,24°超声速二维压缩拐角进行了数值模拟,系统评估了SA(Spalart-Allmaras), k-ω, SST(Shear Stress Transport)3种工程常用湍流模型对激波/边界层干扰复杂流动的模拟适用能力.对于"弱"干扰、小分离,工程常用湍流模型能够较准确地预测其压力、摩擦力、热流分布,而对于"强"干扰、大分离则会造成较大的偏差.同时,随着分离区的增大,各湍流模型的适用性能差别更加明显,数值方法也有一定的影响.      

微分雷诺应力模型在激波分离流中的应用

由于Boussinesq涡粘性假设的湍流模型在一些流动中如激波分离流中预测失真,本文介绍一种基于完全雷诺应力方程的微分雷诺应力模型(DRSM),应用压缩性修正和改进耗散率方程构造出应用于可压流体的可实现DRSM,SSG压应力模型测试了两组参数。将其应用于ONERA M6机翼在跨声速大攻角的计算,结果表明DRSM能更好地模拟激波位置和流动分离。