Extrasolar space exploration by a solar sail accelerated via thermal desorption of coating

For extrasolar space exploration it might be very convenient to take advantage of space environmental effects such as solar radiation heating to accelerate a solar sail coated by materials that undergo thermal desorption at a particular temperature. Thermal desorption can provide additional thrust as heating liberates atoms, embedded on the surface of the solar sail. We are considering orbital dynamics of a solar sail coated with materials that undergo thermal desorption at a specific temperature, as a result of heating by solar radiation at a particular heliocentric distance, and focus on two scenarios that only differ in the way the sail approaches the Sun. For each scenario once the perihelion is reached, the sail coat undergoes thermal desorption. When the desorption process ends, the sail then escapes the Solar System having the conventional acceleration due to solar radiation pressure. We study the dependence of a cruise speed of a solar sail on perihelion of the orbit where the solar sail is deployed. The following scenarios are considered and analyzed: (1) Hohmann transfer plus thermal desorption. In this scenario the sail would be carried as a payload to the perihelion with a conventional propulsion system by a Hohmann transfer from Earth’s orbit to an orbit very close to the Sun and then be deployed. Our calculations show that the cruise speed of the solar sail varies from 173?km/s to 325?km/s that corresponds to perihelion 0.3?AU and 0.1 AU, respectively. (2) Elliptical transfer plus Slingshot plus thermal desorption. In this scenario the transfer occurs from Earth’s orbit to Jupiter’s orbit; then a Jupiter’s fly-by leads to the orbit close to the Sun, where the sail is deployed and thermal desorption comes active. In this case the cruise speed of the solar sail varies from 187?km/s to 331?km/s depending on the perihelion of the orbit. Our study analyses and compares the different scenarios in which thermal desorption comes beside traditional propulsion systems for extrasolar space exploration.     

基于网格自适应的飞行器防热材料热传导系数辨识

为准确辨识高超声速飞行器防热材料热传导系数，构造了针对热传导偏微分方程系统的约束泛函极值问题，基于表征多项式逼近性能的Weierstrass定理，采用Lagrange多项式对热传导系数进行参数化建模，进而将无穷维的约束泛函极值问题转化为有限维的非线性规划问题，再利用基于动态优化方程的优化方法将此非线性规划问题转化为常微分方程初值问题进行求解。为从较有限的测量数据中准确地“学习”热传导系数，建立采用“过拟合”判别准则的网格自适应迭代算法改善辨识精度。研究表明本文采用的辨识策略与优化方法有效，辨识结果可以较准确地反映材料热传导系数的变化规律。     

真空低温环境红外亮温标准装置设计

对遥感技术现状及面临的问题进行了介绍，明确了建立真空低温环境红外亮温计量标准装置的意义，对国内外研究现状进行了梳理，对研究的标准装置的技术路线和设计方案进行了详细叙述。     

Hierarchical scheduling for real-time agile satellite task scheduling in a dynamic environment

The imaging processes of optical satellites can be easily affected by unexpected environmental changes, such as changes in cloud coverage. Given the difficulty to predict environmental uncertainties, traditional offline scheduling methods need a follow-up re-scheduling process that responds to real-time environmental information. This repetitive scheduling processes make the offline fine scheduling process a waste of computational resources. Additionally, the offline scheduling method is quite complex owing to its lack of a hierarchy mechanism. To solve these problems, we propose a hierarchical scheduling method for the real-time scheduling problem. This method divides the scheduling process into three steps: pre-assignment, rough scheduling, and fine scheduling. A hierarchical scheduling algorithm based on ant colony algorithm is proposed. Tests with 36 scenarios show that the calculation time is efficiently reduced with this new mechanism. With this consideration of the dynamic environment, the re-scheduling process becomes unnecessary, meaning the wasting of computational resources is avoided and the solution profit is improved.     

Analytical and numerical approaches of a solar array thermal analysis in a low-earth orbit satellite

This paper researches the thermal analysis of a fixed-type solar array in a low-earth orbit satellite through both an analytical method with a simplified thermal model and a numerical method with a detailed thermal model.     

大型或复杂构形辐射等效热平衡试验方法

对于大型或复杂构形不能参加的不完整状态热平衡试验,提出并证明了使试验等效完整状态的必要条件,即补偿两种状态下参试部位吸收的辐射热流之差。为验证这种等效方法的充分性,利用两种热分析软件对一个构造算例的多种状态进行了数值试验,结果表明方法可行。     

基于比例风险模型的环境折合系数确定方法

研究了环境因素对产品可靠性的影响,给出了一种综合利用变环境试验数据的环境折合系数确定方法.利用比例风险模型来描述可靠性与环境因素的关系,给出了环境因素对产品可靠性影响的定量度量.基于该模型给出了常用寿命分布下的环境折合系数的统计推断方法.针对复杂环境,采用广义比例风险模型用于度量不同环境因素之间对可靠性的交互作用.利用径向基函数法来拟合该模型,并对模型进行了优化.计算实例表明:该方法合理可行,便于工程应用.     

导热脂低温热导率的测试研究

导热脂的低温热导率是研究宇航用导热脂的重要参数,“瞬态热线法”是常用的测量方法之一,但受使用条件限制,实际应用中容易产生较大误差。本文提出采用改进的“瞬态热线法”即对标准流体与试样进行测量比对的方法,用于导热脂低温热导率的测量,减小了测试方法的系统误差,因而保证了测量的相对误差小于6％。在测量装置上,采用廉价的康铜丝取代了传统使用的铂丝,设计采用了容易进行拆洗的低温试验装置。文章讨论了影响导热脂低温热导率的因素。提出测量加热时间要在2 s～3 s之内以防止对流,分析了比对状态的误差影响,并给出了两种导热脂低温热导率与温度关系曲线。分析表明本文提出的试验方法可以满足宇航用导热脂研究的需求
     

真空模拟环境下液体推进剂蒸发特性的试验研究

为研究液体推进剂在真空环境下的蒸发特性,建立了真空环境模拟试验系统。对水、饱和盐水、煤油、酒精和凝胶模拟液等工质进行了蒸发特性试验。通过控制系统实时采集了真空舱的真空度和工质温度。试验中观察到了明显的闪蒸现象。由于闪蒸的存在,工质蒸发过程非常剧烈。最后分析了不同工质在真空环境下的蒸发特性,给出了部分工质的闪蒸参数。     

基于热喷涂技术制备的热障涂层

着眼于热喷涂技术在热障涂层制备方面的研究现状,在分析热障涂层失效原因的基础上,介绍了等离子喷涂技术及冷喷涂技术和在热障涂层结合层和陶瓷层制备方面的研究进展。