加速腐蚀环境对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料力学性能的影响

依据对典型机场环境统计分析,编制了单向顺排碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料加速腐蚀试验环境谱,在此基础上进行了该材料试件的加速腐蚀试验和不同当量腐蚀周期试件的力学性能测试试验。试验结果显示,机场环境会对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料基体造成损伤,且材料的疲劳寿命、弯曲强度和层间剪切强度三种力学性能随着腐蚀周期的延长呈现由小到大的规律递减。     

Validation of a Compression Mass Gauge using ground tests for liquid propellant mass measurements

To properly estimate orbital lifetimes and predict the maneuverability of spacecraft, the remaining liquid propellant mass must be accurately known at every moment of a space mission. This paper studies the Compression Mass Gauge (CMG) method to determine the mass of liquid contained in a tank in a low-gravity environment with high accuracy. CMG is a thermodynamic method used to determine the quantity of liquid by measuring the gas pressure change when the tank volume changes, and has been previously theoretically and experimentally studied by researchers. The primary objective of this investigation is to explore the effects of attitude disturbance and the spacecraft thermal environment on the accuracy of the method. A ground test system, consisting of several test apparatuses, was fabricated and described as part of this study. The test results and analyses indicate that the CMG performs well and has an accuracy of ±1%. Additionally, demonstrations were performed to show that measurement errors do not increase drastically or exceed ±1% when the test system is vibrated to simulate the tank being perturbed as a result of an attitude disturbance. Liquid sloshing resonance was found to have a significant effect on the gauging accuracy. Measurements in a real thermal environment in which heat transfers into and out of the propellant tank were also conducted. The results show that the gauging accuracy is acceptable for normal liquid propellant. Furthermore, theoretical research shows that heat leakage has a significant influence on cryogenic propellant mass gauging.     

适用于月面高温环境的嫦娥三号地形地貌相机热设计

“嫦娥三号暠月面探测器上安装的地形地貌相机工作时直接暴露在月面高温环境下,受月表红外辐射影响很大,给热控设计带来很大难题。为解决设备工作时的高温问题,在外热流分析的基础上提出了以“最佳散热位置暠为核心的热控方案,设备处于“最佳散热位置暠时能够获得较好的初始温度和最快的降温速率;另外通过把散热面布置在月表红外辐射热流最小的位置并在除散热面以外的其他表面包覆多层隔热组件这两个措施,可以最大程度减小月表红外辐射的影响。地形地貌相机在轨开机工作前的各飞行阶段遥测数据均满足存储温度指标要求并且有较大余量;开机工作环拍一周的遥测数据满足工作温度指标要求并且与热分析结果符合较好,初始温度与遥测温度数据偏差为-1灡7曟,温升速率和降温速率偏差分别为14灡9%和16灡9%。这表明该热控方案正确可行,可为后续中国深空探测类似热控问题参考。     

液氧/甲烷发动机推力室多循环热-结构分析

为了研究一款液氧/甲烷发动机推力室多循环工作状态下的结构变形,拓展并验证了一种包括流动-传热分析和非线性有限元分析的热-结构分析方法。通过该方法得到了推力室热载荷与压力载荷分布,并分析了推力室在这些载荷下的应力应变响应。研究表明：推力室整体结构变形并非主要取决于热载荷,压力载荷引起的冷却通道底面弯曲在喷管扩张段尤其明显;后冷阶段产生的弹塑性拉伸应变大于热试阶段产生的压缩应变是导致每次循环结束后结构产生残余应变的直接原因;随着工作循环次数的增加,扩张段的冷却通道底角位置残余应变累积速率最快,该部位被确定为结构失效的潜在位置;增加冷却剂入口附近的通道底面厚度、减小后冷阶段与热试阶段的温差以及将冷却通道的尖锐底角设计为圆角可以成为抑制变形和减缓应变累积的备选措施。     

星敏感器瞬态效应仿真及抗干扰算法

分析星敏感器在南大西洋异常区(south atlantic anomaly,SAA)工作异常的机理,建立空间粒子干扰仿真模型;并在此基础上,提出星点甄别和帧间比对两种抗空间粒子干扰算法.仿真结果表明,SAA环境下采用改进后的算法,星敏感器在捕获和跟踪模式下其识别成功率高、耗时少,空间辐射环境适用性较强.     

Yarkovsky-Schach effect on space debris motion

The Yarkovsky-Schach effect is a small perturbation affecting Earth satellites and space debris illuminated by the Sun. It was first applied to the orbit of LAGEOS satellites as an explanation of the residuals in orbital elements. In this work, we carry out several numerical integration tests taking into consideration various orbit and rotation parameters, in order to analyse this effect in a broader context. The semi-major axis variations remain small and depend on the spin axis attitude with respect to the Sun. We show that the force amplitude is maximised for orbits inclined with $i\approx$?20–30°. We also observe the influence on other orbital elements, notably on the orbit inclination. However, these effects are clearly observed only on long timescales; in our simulations, we propagated the orbits for 200?y. The Yarkovsky-Schach effect is thus confirmed to have a minuscule magnitude. It should be taken into account in studies requiring high-precision orbit determination, or on expanded timescales.     

带多充液圆柱贮箱航天器刚-液耦合动力学研究

文中以在低重环境下带多充液圆柱贮箱刚性航天器中刚-液耦合方程的建立和求解为主要研究目的。推导航天器中充液圆柱贮箱内任意点的牵连运动方程,根据壁面边界条件给出了贮箱内液体牵连晃动势的表达式;利用第二类边界条件下的傅立叶-贝塞尔级数展开法对低重力环境下的弯曲自由液面处的复杂动力学边界条件进行处理,建立以液体相对晃动势的模态坐标和晃动波高的模态坐标为状态向量的液体耦合晃动力学方程,通过积分分别得到了耦合晃动力和耦合晃动力矩的解析式;运用准坐标系下的拉格朗日方程建立以航天器主刚体姿态坐标和轨道坐标为状态向量的刚体耦合运动动力学方程,进一步联立上述耦合方程得到航天器整体系统的刚-液耦合动力学状态方程;最后,编制出适用于带多充液圆柱贮箱航天器内刚-液耦合动力学计算的模块化计算程序,通过计算实例验证所编程序的准确性的同时,研究了携带多充液箱航天器系统贮箱布局、外激励方式对航天器刚-液耦合系统动力学特性的影响。     

国外空间天气保障能力建设及对我国的启示

文章对空间天气保障能力的科学内涵进行了分析,总结了国外相关发展现状,建议我国应从战略上高度重视空间天气保障能力发展,并从加大宣传力度、建设监测体系、提高预报水平、研究应对策略、注重人才队伍等方面进行了对策思考。     

AIT环境对卫星热控白漆性能影响的试验

热控白漆喷涂之后至卫星发射之前需要经过数个月的部件组装和测试（AIT）阶段,AIT环境是否影响热控白漆的性能是一个疑问。将与卫星天线相同热控ACR-1白漆的试验膜放置在AIT环境中,对其吸收率和发射率进行了六次测量。通过测量数据,对比分析了AIT过程中温度、湿度、洁净度等环境因素对热控白漆性能的影响程度。结果表明,在试验周期内,ACR-1白漆的吸收率和发射率变化量不大,对白漆性能可靠性的影响度不明显;洁净度对ACR-1白漆的吸收率影响较大。因此,在AIT阶段卫星环境应保持较高的洁净度。