可重复使用运载器结构健康监测技术研究进展

系统梳理了国内外针对可重复使用航天运载器开展的结构健康监测技术研究工作情况,并针对其中的关键技术问题,包括热防护系统连接松动检测、低温贮箱健康监测、结构冲击监测、在轨试验验证进行了详细讨论,总结了国内外的研究现状、技术能力以及发展趋势,指出了结构健康监测系统实际部署中的技术需求,为今后可重复使用运载器结构健康监测系统的实际应用提供借鉴。     

使用T3Ster对宇航电子元器件内部热特性的测量

文章介绍了使用MicReD公司的热测试仪33Ster测量元器件内部热特性的方法。T3Ster测试仪可以测试各类IC、LED、散热器、热管等电子器件的热特性以及PCB、导热材料等的热阻、热客及导热系数、接触热阻等热特性。使用33Ster测试仪对某航天器用电子元器件内部热特性进行了测量,并与器件资料中的热特性数据进行比对,二者相对误差为0．07％,验证了q3Ster测试仪具有测试高可靠度要求的宇航级电子元器件热特性的能力。为宇航电子元器件的热设计与热分析提供重要的试验依据。     

航天飞行器防热层与天线窗口热匹配行为研究

针对防热层与天线盖板的热匹配及烧蚀匹配开展研究,通过有限元方法,分析了尺寸效应对于天线盖板热匹配的影响,同时结合电弧风洞实验验证了防热层与天线盖板在高温下的烧蚀匹配行为。研究结果表明,按照实验件尺寸20 mm×20 mm,在实验环境条件下,防热层最大热应力为2.98 MPa,小于低密度石英酚醛复合材料在高温下的拉伸强度,不存在热匹配风险。当天线盖板尺寸大于60 mm时,防热层局部接触应力约为5.3 MPa,大于防热层在高温下的抗拉强度,天线盖板与周边防热层保证0.3 mm安装间隙,天线盖板在高温下的最大膨胀量为0.03~0.04 mm,远小于间隙值,因此不存在热匹配风险。天线盖板在与防热层烧蚀过程中,由于耐温较高,在高温下基本无烧蚀,低密度石英酚醛防热层烧蚀量约为 1.1 mm,因此在后续防热设计中可在天线盖板前缘处预留台阶,以减小高温下的烧蚀不匹配风险。     

焊接温度场热图像的MATLAB软件分析技巧

本文介绍了焊接温度场热图像的ＭＡＴＬＡＢ（矩阵实验室）处理方法,包括图像的输入输出、图像特征参数的提取。采用这一分析方法,大大缩短了分析时间,提高了工作效率。     

Effect of vapor condensation on ascending performance of stratospheric airship

This paper reports a numerical investigation on the effects of water vapor condensing inside the air bag of a stratospheric airship on its ascending performance. The kinetic and thermal model considering vapor condensation was established, based on which a computer program was written in Fortran. The simulation results show that the vapor condensation remarkably affects the kinetic and thermal characteristics of the stratospheric airship in the ascent process. During the ascent process below 11 km, a large amount of latent heat is released when the water vapor in the air inside the air bag of the stratospheric airship condenses, which results in the increase of the temperature and the reduction of the weight of the air in the air bag, causing the airship to speed up, the accelerated expansion of the helium, and the decrease of the helium temperature in the helium bag. When the flight altitude is higher than 11 km, the effect of vapor condensation on the kinetic and thermal characteristics of the stratospheric airship is negligible because vapor is virtually nonexistent in the air.     

Observation of aphelion cloud belt over Martian tropics,its evolution,and associated dust distribution from MCS data

The present study uses five Martian years of observations from Mars Climate Sounder onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter for investigating the Aphelion Cloud Belt (ACB) over the tropics. Analysis of zonal mean water ice column opacity suggests that the spatial extension of the ACB is mainly confined over the tropics and mid-latitudes (-20 – 40°N) during L_S ~ 45 – 135° (L_S = 0° signifies northern spring equinox). The ACB is seen primarily in the nighttime only due to the truncation of the daytime profile observations at significantly higher altitudes (at ~30 km). Zonal mean ice extinction profiles show ACB’s altitudinal range within ~10 – 40 km, and the existence of a thin cloud band in the absence of a thick ACB during aphelion season. Three phases of the ACB could be identified as the formation phase during L_S = 45 – 75° (phase 1), the peak phase during L_S = 76 – 105° (phase 2), and the decaying phase during L_S = 106 – 135° (phase 3). Observation of the cloud latitude belt shows a northward movement starting from phase 2, prominent over regions nearby Lunae Planum and Xanthe Terra. During this phase, the top level of thick clouds within the ACB decreases to ~20 km in the southern hemisphere, while it increases a little over the northern hemisphere (NH). The decreasing tendency continues in phase 3 over the entire region ?10 – 10°N, and the thick cloud base moves higher over the NH, though the vertical depth of it becomes narrower than phase 2. Temperature profiles do not show any noticeable influence on the northward evolution of the ACB. However, the study at a regional level indicates a possible association of upper tropospheric dustiness with the ACB’s evolution. The mechanism is evident in the correlation analysis mostly at an altitude range of ~18 – 35 km. The migrating semidiurnal tide (SMD) as a proxy of dust or water ice forcing, and the calculated upper tropospheric dust radiative heating, shows an apparent northward movement of their peak amplitude within the three phases of the ACB. This match between the spatiotemporal variations of the SMD and the water ice was not observed previously. However, the correlating behavior seems to be prominent in the areas nearby Lunae Planum and Xanthe Terra and the upper-tropospheric region of the atmosphere.     

射频微系统技术发展策略研究

阐述了射频微系统在军民领域的应用情况,结合全球射频微系统研究现状,对射频微系统一系列典型技术进行了梳理和总结分析,同时根据我国射频微系统现阶段发展情况对现存问题和未来发展进行了思考。     

Thermal stability improvement of sprayable fast-responding pressure-sensitive paint for measurement above 100 °C

The thermal stability of sprayable fast-responding Pressure-Sensitive Paint (fast PSP) was investigated to explore the possibility for application in turbomachinery and hypersonic research with temperature above 100 °C. The first part of the study focused on a widely-used Polymer Ceramic PSP (PC-PSP). The effects of thermal degradation on its key sensing properties, including luminescent intensity, pressure sensitivity and response time, were examined for a temperature range from 60 to 100 °C. Severe degradation in intensity and pressure sensitivity was found as temperature reached 70 °C or higher, which would cause failure of PSP application in these conditions. Subsequently, a fast-responding Mesoporous-Particle PSP (MP-PSP) was developed which did not show degradation effects until 140 °C. The greatly improved thermal stability of MP-PSP was attributed to: selection of polymer with higher glass transition temperature (polystyrene) to delay the saturation effect of oxygen quenching as temperature increased; porous and hollow structure of particles for luminophore deposition that minimizes polymer–luminophore interaction. This new paint formulation has significantly raised the upper temperature limit of fast PSP and offers more opportunities for applications in harsh environment.     

Multi-scale strength analysis of bolted connections used in integral thermal protection system

Efficient and accurate strength analysis of bolted connections is essential in analyzing the integral thermal protection system(ITPS) of hypersonic vehicles, since the system bears severe loads and structural failures usually occur at the connections. Investigations of composite mechanical properties used in ITPS are still in progress as the architecture of the composites is complex. A new method is proposed in this paper for strength analysis of bolted connections by investigating the elastic behavior and failure strength of three-dimensional C/C orthogonal composites used in ITPS. In this method a multi-scale finite element method incorporating the global–local method is established to ensure high efficiency in macro-scale and precision in meso-scale in analysis.Simulation results reveal that predictions of material properties show reasonable accuracy compared with test results. And the multi-scale method can analyze the strength of connections efficiently and accurately.     

Discriminating satellite IR anomalies associated with the MS 7.1 Yushu earthquake in China

In the process of exploring pre-earthquake thermal anomalies using satellite infrared data, Blackett et al. (2011) found that the previously reported anomalies before the 2001 Mw 7.7 Gujarat earthquake, in India, were related to positive biases caused by data gaps due to cloud cover and mosaicing of neighboring orbits of MODIS satellite data. They supposed that such effects could also be responsible for other cases. We noted a strip-shaped TIR anomaly on March 17th, 2010, 28?days before the Ms. 7.1 Yushu earthquake (Qin et al., 2011). Here we again investigate multi-year infrared satellite data in different bands to discriminate whether the anomaly is associated with the earthquake, or is only bias caused by the data gaps. From the water vapor images, we find lots of clouds that have TIR anomalies. However, on the cloudiness background, there is an obvious strip-shaped gap matching the tectonic faults almost perfectly. In particular, the animation loops of hourly water vapor images show that the cloud kept moving from west to east, while they never covered the strip-shaped gap. We consider that the cloud with this special spatial pattern should have implied the abnormal signals associated with the seismogenic process. Based on current physical models, the satellite IR anomalies both on TIR and water vapor bands can qualitatively be explained using synthetic mechanisms.