Transient thermal behavior of stratospheric balloons at float conditions

The prediction of the thermal behavior of stratospheric balloons under varying environmental conditions is one of the key issues in the design and flight test of balloons. In this paper, a three-dimensional transient thermal model is developed to predict the thermal behavior of spherical stratospheric balloons. The diurnal variations of the skin and lifting gas temperatures at float conditions are discussed in detail. The further studies on the thermal behavior of stratospheric balloons are presented also.     

A detailed FLUKA-2005 Monte-Carlo simulation for the ATIC detector

We have performed a detailed Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation for the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) detector using the MC code FLUKA-2005 which is capable of simulating particles up to 10 PeV. The ATIC detector has completed two successful balloon flights from McMurdo, Antarctica lasting a total of more than 35 days. ATIC is designed as a multiple, long duration balloon flight, investigation of the cosmic ray spectra from below 50 GeV to near 100 TeV total energy; using a fully active Bismuth Germanate (BGO) calorimeter. It is equipped with a large mosaic of silicon detector pixels capable of charge identification, and, for particle tracking, three projective layers of x–y scintillator hodoscopes, located above, in the middle and below a 0.75 nuclear interaction length graphite target. Our simulations are part of an analysis package of both nuclear (A) and energy dependences for different nuclei interacting in the ATIC detector. The MC simulates the response of different components of the detector such as the Si-matrix, the scintillator hodoscopes and the BGO calorimeter to various nuclei. We present comparisons of the FLUKA-2005 MC calculations with GEANT calculations and with the ATIC CERN data.     

基于蜂窝纸板的系留平台缓冲分析与试验

为保证系留气球平台在空投着陆中的安全,必须对其中的压力气瓶进行缓冲分析与实验。文章采用蜂窝纸板作为气瓶缓冲材料,采用LS-DYNA软件,并依据蜂窝纸板实际参数处理材料模型,仿真分析了在不同蜂窝纸板厚度、不同跌落速度和不同着陆姿态下的缓冲过程。根据仿真结果,设计了蜂窝纸板缓冲结构和加速度检测模块,采用吊车起吊跌落进行了实验验证。仿真分析和实验结果均表明,蜂窝纸板厚度为500mm,跌落速度低于10m/s时,气瓶缓冲后加速度低于20gn,可满足空投着陆应用要求。文章基于LS-DYNA的蜂窝纸板缓冲有限元分析是可行的,研究结果对于气瓶类装备的着陆缓冲结构设计有参考价值。     

长时高空气球的研制发展

综述了美国长时观察用的高空气球的发展,并详细介绍了目前正在研制的超长时气球(ULDB)。     

随机扰动情况下绳系卫星状态保持阶段的最优控制

在考虑系绳弹性的情况下, 建立绳系卫星轨道面内运动的动力学模型, 并在系统平衡位置线性化, 得到绳系子星在随机扰动作用下的稳态保持状态方程. 引入基于卡尔曼滤波的状态估计方法和最优状态反馈控制策略, 提出了保持系统稳态运行的控制方法, 并以YES2空间系绳试验为参考模型设计了稳态保持控制系统. 分别在不考虑系绳弹性和考虑系绳弹性的系统模型下进行相应仿真分析, 结果表明所提出的控制方法能使系统具有良好的抗干扰性能, 系绳控制张力变化平缓且幅值小, 提高了系统状态保持阶段的可靠性和安全性. 同时系绳刚度系数的减小可使系绳纵向振动加剧, 但对横向摆动影响较小, 这为选取合适的系绳材料提供了理论参考.      

Analytical study on the inflated shape of a super pressure balloon covered with a diamond-shaped net

In the last two decades, extensive efforts have been made to develop a large super pressure balloon (SPB) capable of carrying heavy payloads for scientific observations of long durations. Due to recent achievements by the NASA Balloon Program Office, practical operations of large-scale lobed-pumpkin SPB will be realized in the near future. Meanwhile, the research team initiated the development of a lightweight SPB with an alternative design concept, in which the entire balloon is covered by a diamond-shaped net. In this work, the static structural response of the proposed SPB is analyzed by establishing a mathematical model to predict its inflated shape. This model is validated by comparing the generated results with those obtained from nonlinear finite element analysis. Excellent agreement between the analytical solutions and the corresponding finite element results was obtained. On the basis of the mathematical model, the inflated shape of the SPB is investigated and unique structural characteristics are deduced, i.e., the balloon inflates into a cylinder-like shape for a certain geometry of the cover net. This structural feature can be explained by considering the equilibrium of forces applied to the cover net.     

系留气球装备环境工程浅析

主要探讨系留气球等浮空器的环境适应性设计、试验和评价；结合环境适应性工程思想，结合实际工作经验，阐述了浮空器装备全寿命期环境分析、适应性设计以及环境试验与评价等方面的工作要求。相比于飞机等短时飞行的航空器而言，对于留空时间长达数天乃至数十天的系留气球，在设计和验证过程中更应该关注其环境适应性要求。     

一种基于滑窗的余度指令判别算法

在对关键指令进行接收处理时,往往需要增加对该类指令的判断,防止因为人为错误行为或是外界干扰造成意外事故。比较常见的有"3"判"2"或者"5"判"3"甚至更大数量的余度指令判别法,但是这些普通的判别法在某些情况下会失效。以浮空器为应用背景,提出了一种基于滑窗的余度指令判别算法。在大量的测试用例下,算法执行成功,结论证实该算法具有一定工程应用前景。     

Nonlinear dynamics and station-keeping control of a rotating tethered satellite system in halo orbits

The dynamics of a rotating tethered satellite system （TSS） in the vicinity of libration points are highly nonlinear and inherently unstable. In order to fulfill the station-keep control of the rotating TSS along halo orbits, a nonlinear output tracking control scheme based on the θ- D technique is proposed. Compared with the popular time-variant linear quadratic regulator （LQR） controller, this approach overcomes some limitations such as on-line computations of the algebraic Riccati equation. Besides, the obtained nonlinear suboptimal controller is in a closed form and easy to implement. Numerical simulations show that the TTS trajectories track the periodic reference orbit with low energy consumption in the presence of both tether and initial injection errors. The axis of rotation can keep pointing to an inertial specific object to fulfill an observation mission. In addition, the thrusts required by the controller are in an acceptable range and can be implemented through some low-thrust propulsion devices.