自动着舰的控制构型研究

在参考美军自动着舰系统(ACLS)的基础上,研究工程上最合适的ACLS控制构型。首先,分析了垂直速度指令和俯仰角指令在轨迹控制本质上的不同点和相同点;然后,将上述两种指令控制结构与两种动力补偿系统(速度保持APCS和迎角保持APCS)一对一组合成4种控制构型,仿真比较了这4种构型在指令响应、风扰抑制上的性能差异,分析了其物理原因。结果表明,H·指令加迎角保持APCS的控制构型对飞机纵向控制更有利,特别是对轨迹、高度要求严格的着舰任务。这与美军的实际试飞结论相同。     

Spatiotemporal variations in litter mass and their relationships with climate in temperate grassland: A case study from Xilingol grassland,Inner Mongolia (China)

Clarifying spatiotemporal variations of litter mass and their relationships with climate factors will advance our understanding of ecosystem structure and functioning in grasslands. Our objective is to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of litter mass in the growing season and their relationships with precipitation and temperature in the Xilingol grassland using MOD09A1 data. With widely used STI (simple tillage index), we firstly estimated the litter mass of Xilingol grassland in the growing season from 2000 to 2014. Then we investigated the variations of litter mass in the growing season at regional and site scales. We further explored the spatiotemporal relationships between litter mass and precipitation and temperature at both scales. The litter mass increased with increasing mean annual precipitation and decreasing mean annual temperature at regional scale. The variations of litter mass at given sites followed quadratic function curves in the growing season, and litter mass generally attained maximums between August 1 and September 1. Positive spatial relationship was observed between litter mass variations and precipitation, and negative spatial relationship was found between litter mass variations and temperature in the growing season. There was no significant relationship between inter-annual variations of litter mass and precipitation and temperature at given sites. Results illustrate that precipitation and temperature are important drivers in shaping ecosystem functioning as reflected in litter mass at regional scale in the Xilingol grassland. Our findings also suggest the action of distinct mechanism in controlling litter mass variations at regional and sites scales.     

A method in near-surface estimation of air temperature (NEAT) in times following the satellite passing time using MODIS images

Air temperature is one of the most important parameters in environmental, agricultural and water resources studies. This information is not usually always available at the required temporal and spatial resolution. The air temperature is measured at a fixed point in the meteorological stations which are dispersed and may not have the appropriate spatial resolution needed for many applications. On the other hand, MODIS satellite images have relatively acceptable spatial resolution specially for use in environmental studies. There is a methodology with which the near surface air temperature can be extracted from MODIS images at the satellite passing time with an acceptable accuracy. The goal in this study is to find a way to predict the air temperature in times after/before the satellite passing time. The procedure consists of two steps. In the first step, the relationship between the air temperature at a time in a synoptic station and the air temperature in other times up to 5 h later were modeled. In the second step, using these built up relationships, the air temperature extracted from the satellite image at the passing time was extrapolated to the next hours. Finally, the results of this extrapolation method were evaluated using the air temperatures measured at those hours and in the pixels containing some other meteorological stations. The error of the method when applied to a relatively homogeneous surface cover was about 1.5 °C. This error when applied to the next hours, was below 2 °C up to 5 h after satellite passing time. This method can be useful in some agricultural and horticultural applications in which both the spatial and temporal resolution are needed simultaneously. This product is a useful tool for frost prediction, a phenomenon that usually happens at night or early in the morning.     

单向帘线增强橡胶复合材料在疲劳过程中的温升

以单向帘线增强橡胶复合材料为研究对象,利用自行建立的疲劳试验系统,研究了周期载荷作用下橡胶事材料表面温升的一般规律;讨论了实际热生成对材料疲劳行为的影响。为评价轮胎疲劳特性提供了有效的手段。     

扰动引力场对远程火箭影响的分析及补偿方法研究进展

在分析扰动引力场影响机理的基础上,梳理了目前垂线偏差及扰动引力影响的分析方法。介绍了垂线偏差和扰动引力快速重构的主要研究进展。最后从弹道诸元、制导诸元和箭上实时三个方面评估了扰动引力场影响补偿的方法。本文的工作为提升扰动引力场下远程火箭的精度和快速反应能力提供了支持。     

光学采样成像系统传递函数补偿的试验研究

简要介绍了传递函数补偿(MTFC)验证试验,通过物理仿真和基于ISO20462的最小可觉差(JND)主观评价,对光学采样成像系统MTFC进行了研究。在实验室建立模拟采样成像系统进行物理仿真;通过对7次JND评价数据之间的相互验证,说明JND主观评价具有客观性,试验数据和MTFC验证结论准确可信。     

LEO-LEO微波掩星探测温度和水汽廓线研究进展

低地球轨道卫星间(LEO-LEO)微波掩星探测技术利用水汽吸收线附近信号,通过测量信号的折射和吸收作用,能够在没有辅助背景信息的情况下独立反演温度和水汽廓线,从而克服GNSS-LEO无线电掩星技术在大气中低对流层存在的"温度–水汽模糊"问题.目前,国内外还没有实现在轨的LEO-LEO掩星探测.为了促进我国LEO-LEO...     

敏捷卫星像移补偿残差计算及对成像影响分析

通过分析敏捷卫星相机像移模糊机理,计算了对偏流角和行频像移补偿后的残差,并对其引起调制传递函数(MTF)的下降进行了仿真计算。结果表明,敏捷光学成像卫星相机设计中行频控制残差对成像质量的影响不容忽视,宜选用像元数少的时间延迟积分电荷耦合器件(TDIC-CD)予以解决。文章的研究结果对敏捷卫星的总体指标设计具有参考价值。     

空间机构地面重力补偿设备跟踪研究

由于飞行轨道上或其他星球上的重力环境与地球表面的重力环境差异很大,而在飞行前必须在地面确认机构在空间的性能和可靠性,这就要求在地面实现对空间机构实际工作时的空间重力环境的模拟,于是提出了对地面重力补偿设备的需求。文章对实现重力补偿的一般形式进行了介绍和分析,举例说明了常用的地面重力补偿设备的原理,总结归纳了地面重力补偿设备的设计原则和工程实施经验。     

HALT试验高效率温度剖面图的建立

HALT是一项崭新的可靠性试验技术，具体实施还缺乏系统的理论指导。以在电子设备可靠性中起重要作用的焊点为研究对象，采用非线性有限元方法，分析了有引脚PQFP和无引脚EBGA两类典型器件的焊点在热循环载荷作用下的应力应变特点，研究了热循环试验温度剖面参数包括高低温端点温度、高低温保持时间、温变速率对这两种典型焊点的弹性应变范围、塑性应变累积、疲劳寿命和试验效率的影响，归纳了电子设备HALT可靠性试验优化温度剖面图的建立方法。