捷联寻北仪的误差补偿技术及信号处理方法研究

捷联寻北仪采用中等精度两自由度动力调谐速率陀螺仪,来感测地球自转角速度在两个水平方向的分量,从而确定地理北向。各种干扰的存在会削弱有用信号,从而降低寻北精度。本文分析了陀螺静态及动态漂移误差对寻北精度的影响,提出了有效的误差补偿技术;针对有用信号的特点提出了简单实用的噪声消除法。仿真和试验结果说明,文中所提方法能有效地提高寻北精度。     

反求工程中经济型快速测量装置的研究

设计了结构简单经济实用的快速测量装置,采用分区域数据补偿方法进行误差补偿,提高了系统的测量精度,将有助于反求工程中测量效率的提高。     

Comprehensive outage compensation of real-time orbit and clock corrections with broadcast ephemeris for ambiguity-fixed precise point positioning

The main challenge in real-time precise point positioning (PPP) is that the data outages or large time lags in receiving precise orbit and clock corrections greatly degrade the continuity and real-time performance of PPP positioning. To solve this problem, instead of directly predicting orbit and clock corrections in previous researches, this paper presents an alternative approach of generating combined corrections including orbit error, satellite clock and receiver-related error with broadcast ephemeris. Using ambiguities and satellite fractional-cycle biases (FCBs) of previous epoch and the short-term predicted tropospheric delay through linear extrapolation model (LEM), combined corrections at current epoch are retrieved and weighted with multiple reference stations, and further broadcast to user for continuous enhanced positioning during outages of orbit and clock corrections. To validate the proposed method, two reference station network with different inter-station distance from National Geodetic Survey (NGS) network are used for experiments with six different time lags (i.e., 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 30 s, 45 s and 60 s), and one set of data collected by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is also used. The performance of LEM is investigated, and the troposphere prediction accuracy of low elevation (e.g., 10–20degrees) satellites has been improved by 44.1% to 79.0%. The average accuracy of combined corrections before and after LEM is used is improved by 12.5% to 77.3%. Without LEM, an accuracy of 2–3 cm can be maintained only in case of small time lags, while the accuracies with LEM are all better than 2 cm in case of different time lags. The performance of simulated kinematic PPP at user end is assessed in terms of positioning accuracy and epoch fix rate. In case of different time lags, after LEM is used, the average accuracy in horizontal direction is better than 3 cm, and the accuracy in up direction is better than 5 cm. At the same time, the epoch fix rate has also increased to varying degrees. The results of the UAV data show that in real kinematic environment, the proposed method can still maintain a positioning accuracy of several centimeters in case of 20 s time lag.     

旋转式重力梯度仪自身梯度补偿研究

重力梯度仪安装在惯性稳定平台上,忽略载体姿态角改变等条件下的影响,在空间上保持方向不变,因此载体相对于重力梯度仪的旋转会改变其周围空间的质量分布,从而引起自身梯度的变化.这种自身梯度变化影响了重力梯度仪的测量精度,是动基座重力梯度测量误差的重要来源.由于周围环境物体到重力梯度仪的距离很近,采用基于中心引力梯度的方法计算自身梯度具有较大误差.推导了基于加速度计输出的重力梯度仪自身梯度补偿方法.仿真结果表明通过基于中心引力梯度的方法和基于加速度计输出的方法分别计算单位质量的质量点产生的自身梯度时,0.3m位置处自身梯度补偿的偏差超过5E,采用基于加速度计输出的方法进行自身梯度补偿更加精确.     

主子惯导坐标系失调动态估计补偿方法研究

本文研究了船体静态变形角、动态变形角引起的主子惯导坐标系失调角动态补偿方法。研究表明：速度加姿态匹配能够在线估计补偿船体静态变形引起的主子惯导坐标系失调角,角速度匹配传递对准方法能够在线估计补偿船体静态变形、动态变形引起的主子惯导坐标系失调角,两种匹配传递对准方法适用条件均受海况环境影响。     

一种矢量调制移相器的反馈补偿设计方法

针对矢量调制移相器存在的移相误差和增益波动问题,提出一种矢量调制移相器的反馈补偿设计方法.在分析了矢量调制的移相原理及影响移相精度和增益稳定性的误差因素的基础上,根据反馈补偿原理对误差因素进行补偿校正.首先通过自动化的测试和处理流程,得到移相器的相位和增益误差特性表,然后将该误差特性表反馈至移相器监控单元,最后监控单元利用插值算法和归一化原理实现对误差量的补偿校正.对采用该方法设计的移相器进行实际测试,结果表明：其移相精度小于1°,增益随相位变化波动小于0.4 dB,对比补偿校正之前,移相精度和增益稳定性得到了大幅提高和改善,从而验证了该方法的有效性.     

采用波前编码降低MWIR成像系统的温度敏感度

波前编码成像由于可以大大扩展非相干成像系统的景深而不降低像质,成为近年来的研究热点.文章首先介绍了波前编码原理,然后基于波前编码原理对现有空间中波红外光学系统进行了优化改进,比较了原光学系统和改进系统在不同温度环境下的点扩散函数(PSF)、调制传递函数(MTF),结果表明,新系统在更大的温度范围内具有稳定的成像性能.     

一种快速自适应角度-多普勒补偿算法

自适应角度-多普勒补偿(Adaptive Angle Doppler Compensation,A2DC)算法可在惯导参数未知的情况下解决非正侧视阵列中由杂波距离相关性引起的非均匀问题,但该算法运算量大、工程实现困难.本文首先对A2 DC算法的基本工作原理进行了深入的分析,在此基础上,针对算法运算量大的缺点,将分块处理...     

CPT原子钟系统光源温度控制设计与实现

介绍了半导体激光器波长影响机理,针对相干布局数囚禁（CPT）原子钟系统光源,设计并制作了通过半导体激光器的温度稳定的电路。实验结果表明,采用此电路的激光器,其温度稳定度约为0.02℃,相应波长稳定度可达0.001 2 nm。     

快速获得感应同步器细分误差的方法

介绍一种获得感应同步器细分误差的快速数学方法。其优点是:快速、无需其它仪器、直接生成细分误差补偿数据。