Microstructure,thermophysical property and ablation behavior of high thermal conductivity carbon/carbon composites after heat-treatment

Uni-directional carbon/carbon composites with high thermal conductivity are suitable to supply continuous thermal protection for future reentry vehicles since they could reduce surface temperature and ablation rates simultaneously in harsh environments. In this work, the high thermal conductivity carbon/carbon composites were prepared by chemical vapor infiltration. After heat-treatment, both their open porosity and internal friction increase due to the fiber/matrix thermal expansion mismatch; while their thermal conductive performance become better due to more complete carbon structure. With raising heat-treatment temperature from 1800 °C to 2450 °C, the mass and linear ablation rates of C/C composites with fibers vertical to the oxyacetylene torch for 60 s decrease from 0.66 mg/s and 2.95 μm/s to 0.51 mg/s and 2.05 μm/s respectively. The improved ablation resistance is resulted from the increased thermal conductivity from 282 to 508 W/(m·K) and more carbon fibers exposed to the flame during ablation, which have better oxidation resistance than those of carbon matrix. While such ablation rates become larger for composites with fibers parallel to the flame, from 1.02 mg/s and 3.73 μm/s to 1.28 mg/s and 5.01 μm/s respectively since the ablation occurred more easily through gaps at the fiber/matrix interfaces, which become larger and are always exposed to the flame for this case.     

空域资源优化配置及调整策略研究

近年来,不断增长的空中交通需求以及有限的空域资源之间的矛盾日益突出,尤其是在飞行量密集的多机场地区。在研究如空域灵活使用等国外空域管理方面的经典理论,以及已在实践应用层面取得的成果和经验的基础上,结合中国空域自身的条件及特点,从低空空域资源、军民航协调机制、多机场地区空域资源统筹三个方面作为切入点,提出了相应的空域资源配置及调整的构想,并详细阐述了实施的方法,得出了采用更科学优化和共享模式的空域资源使用方式才是解决中国空域紧缺的有效手段。     

风扇出口导向叶片低噪声设计Ⅰ:方法与优化

作为"风扇出口导向叶片（Outlet Guide Vanes，OGV）低噪声设计"系列文章的第1篇，本文在现有压气机气动设计流程的基础上，加入了噪声评估过程，建立了基于通流设计的气动/声学一体化设计方法。为提高设计阶段的评估速度，以三维升力面理论与管道声学理论为基础，从通流设计和造型设计输出中提取参数，结合转子尾迹模型，建立了转/静干涉噪声的解析预测模型。以现代大涵道比涡扇发动机风扇/增压级为对象，采用该模型系统分析了OGV轴向掠形与周向倾斜对转/静干涉噪声的影响，获取了轴向掠形角与周向倾斜角等三维设计参数与风扇噪声的关系图谱，初步确定了低噪声设计较优降噪量的掠和倾组合方案。以此为基础，在保持叶尖子午投影位置和弦长不变的前提下，将叶片前缘和径向积叠进行参数化，采用遗传算法进一步开展了OGV的低噪声优化设计，最终获得了2个优化方案，预估的降噪量达到了8 dB。     

分布式数据采集控制系统的现状及发展趋势

综述了ＤＣＳ系统的形成，现状及今后的发展方向，阐明了应用远智能Ｉ／Ｏ改进ＤＣＳ系统的优越性及向ＦＣＳ系统的过渡。     

生长在Si上的GaAs外延膜中有关深能级缺陷与其形貌间的关联研究

由于在GaAs和Si单晶材料间有着很大的格子常数及线性热膨胀系数差别，所以在St上生长的GaAs异质外延薄膜（GaAs／Si）中会存在着界面失配形变与高密度的结构缺陷。我们的实验显示，GaAs／Si外延膜的无序与其生长条件有关，尤其与其［As］／［Ga］比密切相关。与GaAs／Si无序相关的失配位错、线位错及畴区的形貌已用扫描电子显微镜作了观察;与深能级相关的缺陷与其形貌间的关联也已用实验说明。对于高有序GaAs／Si外延膜来说，其与离域相关的主发光峰的强度对温度的变化服从阿兰纽斯方程，而对低有序的GaAs／Si外延膜来说，其与局域相关的主发光峰的强度对温度的变化关系则遵循对无定型半导体才成立的另一种方程。     

Composition of the Volatile Material in Halley's Coma from In Situ Measurements

The investigation of the volatile material in the coma of comets is a key to understanding the origin of cometary material, the physical and chemical conditions in the early solar system, the process of comet formation, and the changes that comets have undergone during the last 4.6 billion years. So far, in situ investigations of the volatile constituents have been confined to a single comet, namely P/Halley in 1986. Although, the Giotto mission gave only a few hours of data from the coma, it has yielded a surprising amount of new data and has advanced cometary science by a large step. In the present article the most important results of the measurements of the volatile material of Halley's comet are summarized and an overview of the identified molecules is given. Furthermore, a list of identified radicals and unstable molecules is presented for the first time. At least one of the radicals, namely CH₂, seems to be present as such in the cometary ice. As an outlook to the future we present a list of open questions concerning cometary volatiles and a short preview on the next generation of mass spectrometers that are being built for the International Rosetta Mission to explore the coma of Comet Wirtanen. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Multi-point observations and modeling of subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) and double-peak subauroral ion drifts (DSAIDs): A case study

While subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) are well recognized as representatively one of the most important features of magnetosphere-ionosphere (M-I) coupling processes in the subauroral region, the double-peak subauroral ion drifts (DSAIDs) is a newly recognized ionospheric phenomenon, categorized as a subset of subauroral ion drifts (SAIDs). In this study, we investigate both SAPS and DSAIDs that appear during the storm main phase of the 17 March 2015 event through a combination of multi-point observations and numerical simulations. We find that when SAPS/DSAIDs are observed by the DMSP spacecraft near the dusk subauroral region, strong electric fields are detected minutes later by the Van Allen Probes almost in the same conjugate region near the equatorial plane. Numerical simulations are carried out not only to reveal the global context and dynamic evolution of the SAPS in both the magnetospheric and ionospheric systems, but also to aid the understanding of the effect of conductance on the DSAIDs. Our results confirm that SAPS are indeed associated with Region 2 field-aligned currents (FACs) flowing into the low conductance region. On the other hand, the DSAIDs may be related to the double-conductance-trough in the subauroral region.     

Atomic Physics for Atmospheric Composition Measurements

The atomic physics relevant to the interpretation of solar spectra produced by plasmas at temperatures ≳ 105 K are discussed. Methods for determining relative abundance ratios are presented and examples provided from the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer on board SOHO. In particular, the Fe/Si ratio in the corona is found to be close to photospheric; the Mg/Ne ratio in the transition region is found to vary by an order of magnitude in different solar features. The Mg/Ne ratios in supergranule cell centres and the network are separated for the first time, although no significant differences are found. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

机载适航标准DO-178B/C软件开发过程研究

介绍了DO-178B/C标准的发展历程,结合对DO-178B/C标准机载软件生命周期过程的研究,分析了机载软件开发过程需求、设计、编码和集成子过程的关系及输入输出数据,在分析机载软件需求、设计、编码及集成子过程的目标、活动和转换准则的基础上,给出了各子过程的过程模型.展望了DO-178B/C标准的未来研究方向.     

韧性材料的冲蚀损伤数值仿真综述

砂尘造成韧性材料的冲蚀损伤现象和损伤演化规律是冲蚀机理研究的重要内容，基于相应冲蚀试验和数值仿真的分析 方法是揭示冲蚀机理的重要手段。回顾了砂尘冲蚀损伤研究的缘起和发展经历，在介绍砂尘冲蚀损伤机理的基础上，总结了当前 数值仿真研究的3种主流方法：有限元方法、无网格方法和计算流体动力学方法。从数值仿真角度针对砂尘对韧性材料造成的破 坏模式、砂尘冲击姿态、砂尘冲击速度和形状、砂尘破碎对材料去除机制的影响等4个方面综述了影响冲蚀损伤机理的主要因素 和当前研究进展。砂尘对韧性材料造成的破坏模式通常分为材料凹陷、滑动、犁削、切削等4种不同机制；砂尘的冲击姿态决定了 材料的损伤模式；砂尘的冲击速度和砂尘的形状决定了材料的损伤严重程度；砂尘破碎现象对材料的去除机制有一定影响。