辐射温度计标定误差分析

本文通过理论分析和实验,建立了标准辐射温度计和被检辐射温度计因工作波长不同而产生的标定误差公式,通过几种典型黑体空腹温度分布的测量及有效发射率的计算,讨论了分别以标准辐射温度计和接触温度计校准被检辐射温度计时误差及其走向。     

The impact of orbital errors on the estimation of satellite clock errors and PPP

Precise satellite orbit and clocks are essential for providing high accuracy real-time PPP (Precise Point Positioning) service. However, by treating the predicted orbits as fixed, the orbital errors may be partially assimilated by the estimated satellite clock and hence impact the positioning solutions. This paper presents the impact analysis of errors in radial and tangential orbital components on the estimation of satellite clocks and PPP through theoretical study and experimental evaluation. The relationship between the compensation of the orbital errors by the satellite clocks and the satellite-station geometry is discussed in details. Based on the satellite clocks estimated with regional station networks of different sizes (∼100, ∼300, ∼500 and ∼700 km in radius), results indicated that the orbital errors compensated by the satellite clock estimates reduce as the size of the network increases. An interesting regional PPP mode based on the broadcast ephemeris and the corresponding estimated satellite clocks is proposed and evaluated through the numerical study. The impact of orbital errors in the broadcast ephemeris has shown to be negligible for PPP users in a regional network of a radius of ∼300 km, with positioning RMS of about 1.4, 1.4 and 3.7 cm for east, north and up component in the post-mission kinematic mode, comparable with 1.3, 1.3 and 3.6 cm using the precise orbits and the corresponding estimated clocks. Compared with the DGPS and RTK positioning, only the estimated satellite clocks are needed to be disseminated to PPP users for this approach. It can significantly alleviate the communication burdens and therefore can be beneficial to the real time applications.     

飞机钣金组件数字化装配误差分析

以飞机数字化制造装配为依托,通过对飞机钣金组件在模拟量协调路线和数字量协调路线下产生误差环节的比较,着重分析了飞机钣金组件在数字化装配过程中产生的系统误差和随机误差的因素和造成误差累积的原因。针对减小在钣金零件制造路线、钣金组件装配路线、温度场变化、振动场变化、应力变化等环节的累积误差提出了改进措施。     

Design of face-hobbed spiral bevel gears with reduced maximum tooth contact pressure and transmission errors

The aim of this study is to define optimal tooth modifications, introduced by appropriately chosen head-cutter geometry and machine tool setting, to simultaneously minimize tooth contact pressure and angular displacement error of the driven gear (transmission error) of face-hobbed spiral bevel gears. As a result of these modifications, the gear pair becomes mismatched, and a point contact replaces the theoretical line contact. In the applied loaded tooth contact analysis it is assumed that the point contact under load is spreading over a surface along the whole or part of the ’’potential’’ contact line. A computer program was developed to implement the formulation provided above. By using this program the influence of tooth modifications introduced by the variation in machine tool settings and in head cutter data on load and pressure distributions, transmission errors, and fillet stresses is investigated and discussed. The correlation between the ease-off obtained by pinion tooth modifications and the corresponding tooth contact pressure distribution is investigated and the obtained results are presented.     

一种AMR磁罗盘的误差建模与校准方法

针对传统磁罗盘硬磁校准时容易受到外界干扰,标定校准为相对值的问题,详细分析了AMR(Anisotropic Magneto Resistance,各向异性磁阻效应)磁罗盘的系统误差并建立其误差模型,提出了标量校准方法用于磁罗盘的硬磁标定校准.与传统方法相比,该方法不需要确切的航向参考值,利用任意多位置下的大量测试数据通过迭代求取校准参数的最优解,通过施加约束避免校准过程中磁干扰的影响,并且校准值为绝对矢量.经过硬磁校准,磁罗盘航向精度提高7倍.实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

PH曲线拟合在数控前瞻中的应用

为解决数控系统进行微小直线段平稳加工的问题,提出了一种拟合方法.综合了误差限制下的微小直线段长度、拐角、直线段相交点单调性等判定条件,将连续的微小直线段分割成若干区域.使用非线性最小二乘法将每一个区域内的点拟合成PH曲线,并通过模拟退火方法调整切矢量来控制拟合误差.根据区域的连接情况,将切矢量分为单向和双向两种调节方法.在模拟退火算法中,将微小直线段的斜率作为切矢量的初始值,利用细分直线的方法逐点计算弓高误差,并将此误差作为目标函数来快速进行切矢量的调整.结果表明,对微小直线段进行区域划分可以提高拟合效率.在控制弓高误差的情况下,此方法可以形成具有良好精度的光滑曲线,可以获得平稳的速度轨迹.     

基于单纯形加速法的消除重建坐标轴误差

将一个坐标系平移、旋转到第二个坐标系位置,以建立坐标系的三个点九个坐标为自变量,应用单纯形加速法优化,通过调整步长,最大程度地消除建轴误差。     

国防R&D项目的评估与中止决策

论述了对国防R&D项目进行评估及中止决策的重要意义.探讨了神经网络方法用在国防R&D项目中期评估及中止决策的可行性.提出了适用于国防口R&D项目评估及中止决策的BP多层神经网络方法.选用了国防口正在进行研究的52个项目作为实证分析案例,利用BP多层神经网络方法对之进行了分析处理.分析结果识别出了影响国防口R&D项目发展前景的6个重要因素,同时,对52个项目进行了归类处理,并对该52个国防口R&D项目作出了继续、暂停及中止研究的决策.案例研究的结果表明,该方法实施较为方便、计算较为简单,其有效性令人满意.这表明BP多层神经网络方法在R&D项目中止决策领域具有应用前景.      

一般非线性系统的鲁棒输出调节

对未扰零误差流形与受扰零误差流形进行了定义，讨论了两者的关系，给出了保证受扰零误差流形与未扰零误差流形的差有界时，系统所受的状态扰动应满足的条件；分析了受扰零误差流形上的输出调节，给出了受扰零误差流形上的输出调节误差满足指定性能指标时，系统所受的输出扰动应满意的条件。     

星图匹配制导中的关键技术

为了提高新一代弹道导弹的快速、机动反击能力和射击精度，采用星光，惯性组合制导足最佳的选择。本论文给出了基于双星敏感器的、星图匹配制导系统的关键技术。提出了根据弹道设计导航星表．极大地简化了弹载星表；提出了一种适用于星光制导的凸多边形箅法，合理地减少了匹配的星对角距数目。这两项技术保证了星图匹配制导技术的实用性。提出了一种分离初始定位、定向误差及平台漂移误差方法。采用凸多边形的星图识别算法可同时获得多颗星的瞬时位置，结合恒星在像平面的位置可解算导弹在赤道惯性系和发射点惯性系的三轴姿态，最后，给出了导弹初始定位、定向误差的数学表达式。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。